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The Strong, the Weak, and the Honored: Examining the decline in honored alliances post-1945

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  • Soyoung Lee

Abstract

The rate at which states defend their allies in war has dropped from 81% during 1816–1944 to 7% in 1945–2016. I attribute the decline in honored alliances to a dramatic shift in the military capability of alliances. Contrary to the popular belief that alliances have become stronger after 1945, I find that the post-1945 international system also witnessed a significant increase in the number of weaker alliances. This bimodal distribution of alliances produced a pattern where alliances were either violated upon being attacked or never attacked in the first place, leading to a decline in the rate at which alliances were honored. I support my argument using alliance data over two centuries. This research advances our understanding of military alliances by documenting a polarization of alliances in terms of their military capability post-1945 and by providing an explanation for an empirical puzzle—a sharp decline in the rate of honored alliances after 1945.El porcentaje en que los Estados defienden a sus aliados en una guerra ha descendido del 81% durante el periodo de 1816-1944 al 7% durante el periodo de 1945-2016. Atribuimos el deterioro de las alianzas de honor a un cambio drástico en la capacidad militar de las alianzas. En contra de la creencia popular de que las alianzas se han fortalecido después de 1945, observamos que el sistema internacional posterior a 1945 también ha sido testigo de un aumento significativo del número de alianzas más débiles. Esta distribución bimodal de las alianzas produjo un patrón en el que las alianzas fueron vulneradas al ser atacadas o nunca llegaron a ser atacadas, lo que condujo a un descenso en la tasa de cumplimiento de las alianzas. Apoyamos nuestro argumento en los datos sobre las alianzas a lo largo de dos siglos. Esta investigación profundiza nuestra comprensión de las alianzas militares al documentar una polarización de las alianzas en términos de su capacidad militar después de 1945 y al proporcionar una explicación para un rompecabezas empírico: una fuerte disminución en la tasa de alianzas de honor después de 1945.Le taux auquel les États défendent leurs alliés lors de guerres est passé de 81 % durant la période 1816-1944 à 7 % de 1945 à 2016. J’attribue ce déclin du respect des alliances à un changement radical de leurs capacités militaires. Contrairement à la croyance populaire selon laquelle les alliances se sont renforcées depuis 1945, selon moi, le système international a depuis cette date été le témoin d’une augmentation importante des alliances plus fragiles. Cette distribution bimodale des alliances a généré un schéma dans lequel les alliances étaient soit violées lors d’attaques, soit ne subissaient jamais d’attaques, ce qui a conduit à une diminution du taux de respect des alliances. J’étaye mon propos à l’aide de données sur les alliances collectées durant plus de deux siècles. Cet article de recherche vise à affiner notre compréhension des alliances militaires, en documentant une polarisation des alliances relativement à leurs capacités militaires d’après 1945 et en fournissant une explication au puzzle empirique du fort déclin du taux de respect des alliances après 1945.

Suggested Citation

  • Soyoung Lee, 2023. "The Strong, the Weak, and the Honored: Examining the decline in honored alliances post-1945," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(1), pages 114-131, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:49:y:2023:i:1:p:114-131
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2023.2135513
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