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Gendered cognitions: a socio-cognitive model of how gender affects entrepreneurial preferences

Author

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  • Alice M. Wieland
  • Markus Kemmelmeier
  • Vishal K. Gupta
  • William McKelvey

Abstract

This research explores the social-cognitive factors which lead both women and men to pursue ventures consistent with their gendered social identity, therefore, reinforcing the gender gap in entrepreneurship. We measured the self-assessments of individuals presented with experimentally manipulated entrepreneurial opportunities that were either consistent or inconsistent with their self-reported gender. A theoretical model derived from Social Role Theory is presented and tested. It posits that a gender match (mismatch) with the entrepreneurial opportunity results in higher (lower) reported self-efficacy, anticipated social resources, and venture desirability and lower (higher) venture risk perceptions. The experimental data are tested in a sequential mediation SEM model. We find evidence that self-efficacy and anticipated social resources mediate the effect of gender congruency on perceived risk and venture desirability. The results provide insight into the insidious barriers that play a role in reproducing a gender gap in entrepreneurial outcomes by ‘nudging’ women into lower-return ventures in less lucrative industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Alice M. Wieland & Markus Kemmelmeier & Vishal K. Gupta & William McKelvey, 2019. "Gendered cognitions: a socio-cognitive model of how gender affects entrepreneurial preferences," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3-4), pages 178-197, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:entreg:v:31:y:2019:i:3-4:p:178-197
    DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2018.1551787
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    Cited by:

    1. Welter, Friederike, 2020. "Contexts and gender: Looking back and thinking forward," Working Papers 01/20, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    2. Booyavi, Zahra & Crawford, G. Christopher, 2023. "Different, but same: A power law perspective on how rock star female entrepreneurs reconceptualize “gender equality”," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 19(C).
    3. Wenping Ye & Zhongfeng Su & David Ahlstrom, 2022. "Bankruptcy laws, entrepreneurs’ socio-cognitions, and the pursuit of innovative opportunities," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 1005-1022, October.
    4. Alfonso Expósito & Amparo Sanchis-Llopis & Juan A. Sanchis-Llopis, 2021. "The effect of the manager gender on SMEs export and import decisions: Evidence for Spain," Working Papers 2115, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.
    5. Alfonso Expósito & Juan A. Amparo Sanchis-Llopis & Juan A. Juan A. Sanchis-Llopis, 2023. "Does entrepreneur gender matter in SMEs performance? The role of innovations," Working Papers 2308, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.
    6. Chiara Cannavale & Giorgia Rivieccio & Lorenza Claudio & Iman Zohoorian Nadali, 2023. "The impact of gender egalitarianism on entrepreneurial cognition: a multilevel analysis," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(5), pages 4803-4826, October.
    7. Alfonso Expósito & Amparo Sanchis-Llopis & Juan A. Sanchis-Llopis, 2022. "Manager gender, entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs export and import propensities: evidence for Spanish businesses," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 12(2), pages 315-347, June.

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