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9/11: What Did We Know And When Did We Know It?

Author

Listed:
  • Beom Lee
  • Walter Enders
  • Todd Sandler

Abstract

In February 1998, Osama Bin Laden published a signed statement calling for a fatwa against the United States for its having 'declared war against God'. As we now know, the fatwa resulted in the unprecedented attack of 9/11. The issue of whether or not 9/11 was in any way predictable culminated in the public debate between Richard Clarke, former CIA Director George Tenet and the White House. This paper examines whether there was any evidence of a structural change in the terrorism data at or after February 1998 but prior to June 2001, controlling for the possibility of other breaks in earlier periods. In doing so, we use the standard Bai-Perron procedure and our sequential importance sampling (SIS) Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for identifying an unknown number of breaks at unknown dates. We conclude that sophisticated statistical time-series analysis would not have predicted 9/11.

Suggested Citation

  • Beom Lee & Walter Enders & Todd Sandler, 2009. "9/11: What Did We Know And When Did We Know It?," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(2), pages 79-93.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:defpea:v:20:y:2009:i:2:p:79-93
    DOI: 10.1080/10242690701701968
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick T. Brandt & Todd Sandler, 2010. "What Do Transnational Terrorists Target? Has It Changed? Are We Safer?," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 54(2), pages 214-236, April.
    2. Phillips Peter J, 2011. "Lone Wolf Terrorism," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 17(1), pages 1-31, March.
    3. Brandt, Patrick T. & Sandler, Todd, 2009. "Hostage taking: Understanding terrorism event dynamics," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 758-778, September.
    4. Holmes, Jennifer S. & Palao, Agustin & Callenes, Mercedez & Silva, Neil Ortiz & Cardenas, Alvaro, 2023. "Attacking the grid: Lessons from a guerrilla conflict and efforts for peace in Colombia: 1990–2018," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    5. Kollias, Christos & Messis, Petros & Mylonidis, Nikolaos & Paleologou, Suzanna-Maria, 2009. "Terrorism and the effectiveness of security spending in Greece: Policy implications of some empirical findings," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 788-802, September.

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