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Drought Monitoring by Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) in Iran

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  • Mohammad Asadi Zarch
  • Hossein Malekinezhad
  • Mohammad Mobin
  • Mohammad Dastorani
  • Mohammad Kousari

Abstract

Drought is one of the most important natural hazards in Iran and frequently affects a large number of people, causing tremendous economic losses, environmental damages and social hardships. Especially, drought has a strong impact on water resources in Iran. This situation has made more considerations toward the study and management of drought. The present study is focused on two important indices; SPI and RDI, for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months time scales in 40 meteorological synoptic stations in Iran. In the case of RDI computation, potential evapotranspiration was an important factor toward drought monitoring. So, evapotranspiration was calculated by Penman-Monteith equation. The correlation of RDI and SPI was also surveyed. Drought severity maps for SPI and RDI were also presented in the driest year (1999–2000). The present results have shown that the correlation of SPI and RDI was more considerable in the 3, 6 and 9 months than longer time scales. Furthermore, drought severity maps have shown that during 1999–2000, the central, eastern and south-eastern parts of Iran faced extremely dry conditions. While, according to SPI and RDI trends, other parts of the country suffered from severe drought. The SPI and RDI methods showed approximately similar results for the effect of drought on different regions of Iran. Since, RDI resolved more climatic parameters, such as evapotranspiration, into account which had an important role in water resource losses in the Iranian basins, it was worthwhile to consider RDI in drought monitoring in Iran, too. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Asadi Zarch & Hossein Malekinezhad & Mohammad Mobin & Mohammad Dastorani & Mohammad Kousari, 2011. "Drought Monitoring by Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) in Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(13), pages 3485-3504, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:25:y:2011:i:13:p:3485-3504
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-011-9867-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tayeb Raziei & Bahram Saghafian & Ana Paulo & Luis Pereira & Isabella Bordi, 2009. "Spatial Patterns and Temporal Variability of Drought in Western Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(3), pages 439-455, February.
    2. F. Sönmez & Ali Kömüscü & Ayhan Erkan & Ertan Turgu, 2005. "An Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Dimension of Drought Vulnerability in Turkey Using the Standardized Precipitation Index," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 35(2), pages 243-264, June.
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    2. Roman Rolbiecki & Ali Yücel & Joanna Kocięcka & Atılgan Atilgan & Monika Marković & Daniel Liberacki, 2022. "Analysis of SPI as a Drought Indicator during the Maize Growing Period in the Çukurova Region (Turkey)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-29, March.
    3. G. Tsakiris & I. Nalbantis & H. Vangelis & B. Verbeiren & M. Huysmans & B. Tychon & I. Jacquemin & F. Canters & S. Vanderhaegen & G. Engelen & L. Poelmans & P. Becker & O. Batelaan, 2013. "A System-based Paradigm of Drought Analysis for Operational Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(15), pages 5281-5297, December.
    4. Muhammad Imran Khan & Dong Liu & Qiang Fu & Qaisar Saddique & Muhammad Abrar Faiz & Tianxiao Li & Muhammad Uzair Qamar & Song Cui & Chen Cheng, 2017. "Projected Changes of Future Extreme Drought Events under Numerous Drought Indices in the Heilongjiang Province of China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(12), pages 3921-3937, September.
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    6. Neda Khanmohammadi & Hossein Rezaie & Javad Behmanesh, 2022. "Investigation of Drought Trend on the Basis of the Best Obtained Drought Index," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(4), pages 1355-1375, March.
    7. Javad Bazrafshan, 2017. "Effect of Air Temperature on Historical Trend of Long-Term Droughts in Different Climates of Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(14), pages 4683-4698, November.
    8. Ali Sabziparvar & Roya Mousavi & Safar Marofi & Niaz Ebrahimipak & Majid Heidari, 2013. "An Improved Estimation of the Angstrom–Prescott Radiation Coefficients for the FAO56 Penman–Monteith Evapotranspiration Method," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(8), pages 2839-2854, June.
    9. Bazrafshan, Ommolbanin & Ramezani Etedali, Hadi & Gerkani Nezhad Moshizi, Zahra & Shamili, Mansoureh, 2019. "Virtual water trade and water footprint accounting of Saffron production in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 368-374.
    10. Pawan S. Wable & Madan K. Jha & Ankit Shekhar, 2019. "Comparison of Drought Indices in a Semi-Arid River Basin of India," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(1), pages 75-102, January.
    11. Javad Bazrafshan & Somayeh Hejabi, 2018. "A Non-Stationary Reconnaissance Drought Index (NRDI) for Drought Monitoring in a Changing Climate," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(8), pages 2611-2624, June.
    12. Poulomi Ganguli & M. Reddy, 2012. "Risk Assessment of Droughts in Gujarat Using Bivariate Copulas," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(11), pages 3301-3327, September.
    13. Dae Jeong & Laxmi Sushama & M. Naveed Khaliq, 2014. "The role of temperature in drought projections over North America," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 127(2), pages 289-303, November.
    14. Furat A. M. Al-Faraj & Dimitris Tigkas, 2016. "Impacts of Multi-year Droughts and Upstream Human-Induced Activities on the Development of a Semi-arid Transboundary Basin," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(14), pages 5131-5143, November.
    15. Abdelaaziz Merabti & Mohamed Meddi & Diogo S. Martins & Luis S. Pereira, 2018. "Comparing SPI and RDI Applied at Local Scale as Influenced by Climate," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(3), pages 1071-1085, February.
    16. Mohammad Kousari & Mohammad Dastorani & Yaghoub Niazi & Esmaeel Soheili & Mehdi Hayatzadeh & Javad Chezgi, 2014. "Trend Detection of Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Iran Based on Implementation of Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and Application of Non-Parametrical Statistical Method," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(7), pages 1857-1872, May.
    17. Mohammed Achite & Ommolbanin Bazrafshan & Okan Mert Katipoğlu & Zahra Azhdari, 2023. "Evaluation of hydro-meteorological drought indices for characterizing historical droughts in the Mediterranean climate of Algeria," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(1), pages 427-453, August.
    18. Abolfazl Mosaedi & Hamid Zare Abyaneh & Mohammad Ghabaei Sough & S. Samadi, 2015. "Quantifying Changes in Reconnaissance Drought Index using Equiprobability Transformation Function," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(8), pages 2451-2469, June.
    19. Mohammad Amin Asadi Zarch, 2022. "Past and Future Global Drought Assessment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(13), pages 5259-5276, October.
    20. Abdol Rassoul Zarei & Mohammad Mehdi Moghimi & Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, 2016. "Parametric and Non-Parametric Trend of Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions Using RDI Index," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(14), pages 5479-5500, November.
    21. George Tsakiris & Nikos Kordalis & Dimitris Tigkas & Vasileios Tsakiris & Harris Vangelis, 2016. "Analysing Drought Severity and Areal Extent by 2D Archimedean Copulas," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(15), pages 5723-5735, December.
    22. Alireza Shokoohi & Reza Morovati, 2015. "Basinwide Comparison of RDI and SPI Within an IWRM Framework," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(6), pages 2011-2026, April.
    23. Mohammad Kousari & Mohammad Asadi Zarch & Hossein Ahani & Hemila Hakimelahi, 2013. "A survey of temporal and spatial reference crop evapotranspiration trends in Iran from 1960 to 2005," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 120(1), pages 277-298, September.

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