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Disability Considerations for Measuring Poverty in Canada Using the Market Basket Measure

Author

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  • Craig W. M. Scott

    (University of Calgary
    University of Calgary)

  • Patrick Berrigan

    (University of Calgary)

  • Ronald D. Kneebone

    (University of Calgary
    University of Calgary)

  • Jennifer D. Zwicker

    (University of Calgary
    University of Calgary)

Abstract

Persons with disability (PWD) in Canada experience disproportionately high poverty rates. Poverty measures are often used to benchmark income assistance levels and social policies across Canada. The Market Basket Measure (MBM) is the official poverty measure in Canada that accounts for differences in family composition and geography. It does not, however, account for cost-incurring factors like disabilities, despite the evidence of differences in daily living costs. PWD experiencing poverty have additional needs to reduce barriers to full participation in society that can translate to higher basic costs for daily living. Given that poverty measures like the MBM may assess eligibility for income support or eligibility for public housing, these measures need to reflect how the cost of living differs for PWD. To critically analyze disability-specific considerations for the Canadian poverty line, we assess the MBM within the context of persons with disabilities. To identify differences in consumption patterns and family composition for PWD, a population based cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability. Analysis assessed for bias within the MBM based on the basket contents, family composition and disability severity. PWD experience two times higher poverty rates, worse housing outcomes and incur higher and additional expenses for basic needs of daily living than persons without disability. The MBM underestimates the true poverty rate for persons with disabilities as it does not account for all their additional costs and does not represent their average family composition.

Suggested Citation

  • Craig W. M. Scott & Patrick Berrigan & Ronald D. Kneebone & Jennifer D. Zwicker, 2022. "Disability Considerations for Measuring Poverty in Canada Using the Market Basket Measure," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 163(1), pages 389-407, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:163:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-022-02900-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-022-02900-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gillian Petit & Craig Scott & Blake Gallacher & Jennifer Zwicker & Lindsay Tedds, 2020. "Less Income for More Hours of Work: Barriers to Work for Social Assistance Recipients in B.C," SPP Briefing Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 13(16), July.
    2. Stephanie Dunn & Jennifer D. Zwicker, 2018. "Policy Brief – Why is Uptake of the Disability Tax Credit Low in Canada? Exploring Possible Barriers to Access," SPP Briefing Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 11(2), January.
    3. Petit, Gillian & Tedds, Lindsay M., 2020. "Programs-Based Overview of Income and Social Support Programs for Working-Age Persons in British Columbia," MPRA Paper 105924, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Mathieu Dufour & Vivian Labrie & Simon Tremblay-Pepin, 2021. "Using the Market Basket Measure to Discuss Income Inequality from the Perspective of Basic Needs," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 155(2), pages 455-478, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ziheng Shangguan & Jianping Liu & Mark Yaolin Wang & Shaojun Chen & Ruilian Zhang, 2023. "Have Water Conservancy Project Resettlers in Contemporary China Really Been Lifted Out of Poverty? Re-Measurement Based on Relative Poverty and Consumption Poverty," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Jennifer, Robson & Lindsay M., Tedds, 2023. "The Canada Disability Benefit: Battling Abelism in Design and Implementation," MPRA Paper 116191, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Bożena Frączek, 2022. "The Use of Cluster Analysis to Assess the Threats of Poverty or Social Exclusion in EU Countries: The Case of People with Disabilities Compared to People without Disabilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, October.

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