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EU carbon price volatility from the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

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  • Amane Saito

    (The University of Osaka)

  • Hisashi Tanizaki

    (The University of Osaka)

Abstract

This study investigates the key factors influencing European Union Allowances (EUA) price volatility, with a particular focus on the sharp increase in prices after 2021. EUA is traded in the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS), which plays a central role in European climate policy. Understanding price dynamics is therefore critical for both market participants and policymakers. Using a stochastic volatility (SV) model, the analysis incorporates two categories of explanatory variables: market anomalies such as leverage effect and holiday effect and market structure, including trading activity and market depth. In addition, it evaluates the impacts of three recent macro-financial developments: (1) Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) investment, (2) the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) monetary easing by the European Central Bank (ECB). The results show that market anomalies significantly contribute to volatility. While ESG investment has a limited effect, both the pandemic and monetary easing have had substantial impacts on EUA price volatility.

Suggested Citation

  • Amane Saito & Hisashi Tanizaki, 2025. "EU carbon price volatility from the COVID-19 pandemic," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 5(12), pages 1-29, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:snbeco:v:5:y:2025:i:12:d:10.1007_s43546-025-00955-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s43546-025-00955-z
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    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • P28 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Natural Resources; Environment

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