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Application of 1D and 2D hydrodynamic modeling to study glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) and its impact on a hydropower station in Central Himalaya

Author

Listed:
  • Ashim Sattar

    (NIIT University
    Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

  • Ajanta Goswami

    (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

  • Anil V. Kulkarni

    (Indian Institute of Science)

Abstract

The existence of numerous lakes in the higher reaches of the Himalaya makes it a potential natural hazard as it imposes a risk of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which can cause great loss of life and infrastructure in the downstream regions. Hydrodynamic modeling of a natural earth-dam failure and hydraulic routing of the breach hydrograph allow us to characterize the flow behavior of a potential flood along a given flow channel. In the present study, the flow hydraulics of a potential GLOF generated due to the moraine failure of the Satopanth lake located in the Alaknanda basin is analyzed using one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic computations. Field measurements and mapping were carried out at the lake site and along the valley using high-resolution DGPS points. The parameters of Manning’s roughness coefficient and terrain elevation were derived using satellite-based raster, the accuracy of which is verified using field data. The volume of the lake is calculated using area-based scaling method. Unsteady flood routing of the dam-break outflow hydrograph is performed along the flow channel to compute hydraulic parameters of peak discharge, water depth, flow velocity, inundation and stream power at a hydropower dam site located 28 km downstream of the lake. Assuming the potential GLOF event occurs contemporaneously with a 100-year return period flood, unsteady hydraulic routing of the combined flood discharge is performed to evaluate its impact on the hydropower dam. The potential GLOF resulted in a peak discharge of ~ 2600 m3s−1 at the dam site which arrived 38 min after the initiation of the moraine-failure event. The temporal characteristics of the flood wave analyzed using 2D unsteady simulations revealed maximum inundation depth and flow velocity of 7.12 m and 7.6 ms−1, respectively, at the dam site. Assuming that the control gates of the dam remain closed, water depth increases at a rate of 4.5 m per minute and overflows the dam approximately 4 min after the flood wave arrival.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashim Sattar & Ajanta Goswami & Anil V. Kulkarni, 2019. "Application of 1D and 2D hydrodynamic modeling to study glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) and its impact on a hydropower station in Central Himalaya," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 97(2), pages 535-553, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:97:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-019-03657-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-019-03657-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sanjay Jain & Anil Lohani & R. Singh & Anju Chaudhary & L. Thakural, 2012. "Glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst flood in a Himalayan basin using remote sensing and GIS," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 62(3), pages 887-899, July.
    2. P. K. Champati Ray & Shovan Lal Chattoraj & M. P. S. Bisht & Suresh Kannaujiya & Kamal Pandey & Ajanta Goswami, 2016. "Kedarnath disaster 2013: causes and consequences using remote sensing inputs," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(1), pages 227-243, March.
    3. P. Champati Ray & Shovan Chattoraj & M. Bisht & Suresh Kannaujiya & Kamal Pandey & Ajanta Goswami, 2016. "Kedarnath disaster 2013: causes and consequences using remote sensing inputs," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(1), pages 227-243, March.
    4. Praveen K. Thakur & Suruchi Aggarwal & S. P. Aggarwal & S. K. Jain, 2016. "One-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of GLOF and impact on hydropower projects in Dhauliganga River using remote sensing and GIS applications," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(2), pages 1057-1075, September.
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