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Rockfall hazard analysis for an historical Castle in Kastamonu (Turkey)

Author

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  • T. Topal
  • M. Akin
  • M. Akin

Abstract

The Kastamonu Castle located on a sandstone hill with Eocene age is one of the most historical and touristic places in Kastamonu city center. The settlement of the city expanded towards the hill of the Kastamonu Castle and adversely affected by rockfalls in the past. The rockfall problems around the castle could be related to jointing, weathering, freezing-thawing and earthquake effects or a combination. In this study, the rockfall hazard at the castle is evaluated by two-dimensional rockfall analyses along 17 profiles selected in different orientations. Different size of rock blocks and various types of movements are taken into consideration in the analyses. Fall-out distance, bounce height, kinetic energy and velocity of the sandstone blocks are separately evaluated. The obtained data are used to define the possible rockfall hazard zones. Finally, the areas having potential rockfall risks are distinguished. Based on the evaluation of the data, rock bolting after removing of unstable blocks and supporting the area with the protective fences are suggested. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

Suggested Citation

  • T. Topal & M. Akin & M. Akin, 2012. "Rockfall hazard analysis for an historical Castle in Kastamonu (Turkey)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 62(2), pages 255-274, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:62:y:2012:i:2:p:255-274
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9995-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. José Almeida & José Kullberg, 2011. "Rockfall hazard and risk analysis for Monte da Lua, Sintra, Portugal," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 58(1), pages 289-310, July.
    2. O. Katz & P. Reichenbach & F. Guzzetti, 2011. "Rock fall hazard along the railway corridor to Jerusalem, Israel, in the Soreq and Refaim valleys," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 56(3), pages 649-665, March.
    3. Christophe Bigot & Luuk Dorren & Frédéric Berger, 2009. "Quantifying the protective function of a forest against rockfall for past, present and future scenarios using two modelling approaches," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 49(1), pages 99-111, April.
    4. L. Alejano & C. Ordóñez & J. Armesto & T. Rivas, 2010. "Assessment of the instability hazard of a granite boulder," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 53(1), pages 77-95, April.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Guoqing Chen & Yi Wan & Yang Li & XiangJun Pei & Da Huang, 2021. "Time-dependent damage mechanism of rock deterioration under freeze–thaw cycles linked to alpine hazards," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(1), pages 635-660, August.
    2. Zhong-Min Ji & Tian-Li Chen & Fa-Quan Wu & Zhen-Hua Li & Qing-He Niu & Ke-Yi Wang, 2023. "Assessment and prevention on the potential rockfall hazard of high-steep rock slope: a case study of Zhongyuntai mountain in Lianyungang, China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 115(3), pages 2117-2139, February.
    3. Marcos Eduardo Hartwig & Lázaro Valentin Zuquette, 2022. "Rockfall danger and risk analysis around a granite inselberg in the Vila Velha city (southeastern Brazil)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(3), pages 3309-3326, December.

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