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Flood susceptibility mapping using geospatial techniques: a study of the Kashmir Basin in the Northwest Himalaya

Author

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  • Rabbya ul Qalab

    (University of Kashmir)

  • M. Sultan Bhat

    (University of Kashmir)

  • Akhtar Alam

    (University of Kashmir)

  • Mussadiq Hussain Qureshi

    (Department of Higher Education)

  • Mohd Saleem Wani

    (University of Kashmir)

  • Nahida Yousuf

    (University of Kashmir)

Abstract

Floods are frequently occurring natural hazard experienced globally, causing substantial damage to several sectors and disruption to the socioeconomic functioning of the society. The Kashmir Basin is frequently hit by flooding due to the combined effects of various geomorphic, meteorological, and human-induced factors. The purpose of the current study is to assess the flood susceptibility of the Kashmir Basin. The objective of the study was accomplished with the coupled application of Frequency Ratio (FR) Model and GIS. The study considered 18 conditioning factors for flood susceptibility mapping and prediction. The relative flood frequency ratio was used to determine the correlation between flood conditioning factors and flood occurrences. A total of 153 flood locations reported in the past were considered; of which 70% were used for data training and susceptibility mapping and the remaining 30% were utilized for the validation of simulated results. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to depict the accuracy of generated flood susceptibility maps and with an observed success rate of 0.92, the predictions were treated a reliable. The findings reveal that out of the total land area, about 11.51% exhibits 'very high' susceptibility, whereas 18.44% and 18.12% of the land areas show 'high' and 'moderate' susceptibility levels respectively. The identification and classification of flood susceptibility zones has practical implications for decision-makers to develop effective flood mitigation measures and enhance the efficiency of flood disaster management in the region.

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  • Rabbya ul Qalab & M. Sultan Bhat & Akhtar Alam & Mussadiq Hussain Qureshi & Mohd Saleem Wani & Nahida Yousuf, 2025. "Flood susceptibility mapping using geospatial techniques: a study of the Kashmir Basin in the Northwest Himalaya," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(8), pages 9067-9101, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:8:d:10.1007_s11069-025-07143-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07143-0
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