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Geoinformatics-based frequency ratio, analytic hierarchy process and hybrid models for landslide susceptibility zonation in Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq

Author

Listed:
  • Kaiwan K. Fatah

    (Salahaddin University-Erbil)

  • Yaseen T. Mustafa

    (University of Zakho
    Nawroz University)

  • Imaddadin O. Hassan

    (Salahaddin University-Erbil)

Abstract

Landslides are among the most critical geo-environmental disasters for both humans and the environment. This study intended to create a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) for the Akre District of Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq. In this paper, 15 landslide causative criteria including elevation, slope, curvature, aspect, topographic wetness index, topographic roughness index, steam power index, lithology, lineament density, soil types, land use/cover, normalized difference vegetation index, distance to roads, rainfall, and distance to streams were analysed. For this purpose, frequency ratio (FR), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and ensemble FR-AHP models based on geoinformatics techniques were applied. The LSMs were then assigned into five categories based on their susceptibility levels: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The results showed that the high and very high landslide susceptibility categories for the FR, AHP, and hybrid FR-AHP models were 27.75% (732,01 km2), 28.44% (750,36 km2), and 28.84% (761 km2), respectively. The results showed that the majority of historical landslide incidents occurred in mountainous terrain in the northern parts of the study area, which are classified as high and very high susceptibility zones. The predicted rate curves for the FR, AHP, and hybrid FR-AHP models had areas under curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) values of 93.4%, 89.3%, and 93.8%, respectively, which indicate that the ensemble FR-AHP model provides more reliable and accurate results for LSM. The LSM generated via the hybrid FR-AHP model can be utilised by local authorities, managers, and decision-makers in further land use/cove planning to mitigate the devastating influences of landslides in the area.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaiwan K. Fatah & Yaseen T. Mustafa & Imaddadin O. Hassan, 2024. "Geoinformatics-based frequency ratio, analytic hierarchy process and hybrid models for landslide susceptibility zonation in Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 6977-7014, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:26:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s10668-023-02995-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-02995-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jaydip Dey & Saurabh Sakhre & Ritesh Vijay & Hemant Bherwani & Rakesh Kumar, 2021. "Geospatial assessment of urban sprawl and landslide susceptibility around the Nainital lake, Uttarakhand, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 3543-3561, March.
    2. Chuhan Wang & Qigen Lin & Leibin Wang & Tong Jiang & Buda Su & Yanjun Wang & Sanjit Kumar Mondal & Jinlong Huang & Ying Wang, 2022. "The influences of the spatial extent selection for non-landslide samples on statistical-based landslide susceptibility modelling: a case study of Anhui Province in China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 112(3), pages 1967-1988, July.
    3. Aditi Singh & Shilpa Pal & D. P. Kanungo, 2021. "An integrated approach for landslide susceptibility–vulnerability–risk assessment of building infrastructures in hilly regions of India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 5058-5095, April.
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