IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/endesu/v25y2023i12d10.1007_s10668-022-02661-4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater quality using chemometric analysis and water quality indices in the foothills of Himalayas

Author

Listed:
  • Anjali Nayak

    (Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University))

  • Gagan Matta

    (Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University))

  • D. P. Uniyal

    (Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology)

Abstract

Groundwater pollution of the watershed is mainly influenced by the multifaceted interactions of natural and anthropogenic process. To analyse the spatial–temporal variation and pollution source identification and apportionment, the dataset was subjected to a globally acknowledged coherent technique using water quality indices and chemometric techniques (principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The bulk of the samples tested were below the BIS’s permissible levels. Groundwater samples from the pre- and post-monsoon seasons mostly contained the anions HCO−3 > Cl− > SO2−4 > NO−3, while the primary cations were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. Groundwater was alkaline and hard at most of the sites. According to hydro-geochemical facies and relationships, Piper diagrams, and principal component analysis, weathering, dissolution, leaching, ion exchange, and evaporation were the key mechanisms influencing groundwater quality. The hydrochemical facies classified the groundwater samples into the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. For all the sampling locations, PIG was determined to be 0.43, 0.52, 0.47, 0.48, 1.00, and 0.70; respectively. The majority of the test locations fell into the low to medium contamination zone, as determined by the groundwater pollution index (PIG) and contamination index. Three principal components, which together account for 93.8% of the total variance, were identified via PCA. The study’s findings confirm the value of these statistical techniques in interpreting and understanding large datasets and offering reliable information to reduce the time and expense of programmes for monitoring and evaluating water quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Anjali Nayak & Gagan Matta & D. P. Uniyal, 2023. "Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater quality using chemometric analysis and water quality indices in the foothills of Himalayas," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(12), pages 14229-14260, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:12:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02661-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02661-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10668-022-02661-4
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10668-022-02661-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gagan Matta, 2020. "Science communication as a preventative tool in the COVID19 pandemic," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-14, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jida Liu & Zheng Fu & Yuwei Song & Ruining Ma & Zebin Zhao, 2024. "How to improve the effectiveness of the cooperation networks of emergency science communication for public health emergencies," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Celia Andreu-Sánchez & Miguel Ángel Martín-Pascual, 2022. "Scientific illustrations of SARS-CoV-2 in the media: An imagedemic on screens," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Sirui Li & Ying Liu & Jing Su & Xin Luo & Xiao Yang, 2023. "Can e-commerce platforms build the resilience of brick-and-mortar businesses to the COVID-19 shock? An empirical analysis in the Chinese retail industry," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 2827-2857, December.
    4. Kason Ka Ching Cheung & Ho-Yin Chan & Sibel Erduran, 2023. "Communicating science in the COVID-19 news in the UK during Omicron waves: exploring representations of nature of science with epistemic network analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Haibo Qin & Zhongxuan Xie & Huping Shang & Yong Sun & Xiaohui Yang & Mengming Li, 2024. "The mass public’s science literacy and co-production during the COVID-19 pandemic: empirical evidence from 140 cities in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Neranjan Senarath & Wathsala Dedunupitiya & Gayanthi Ilangarathna & Isuru Thilakasiri & Bhagya Samarakoon & Lakshitha Ramanayake & Roshan Godaliyadda & Parakrama Ekanayake & Vijitha Herath & Mallika P, 2024. "Family income does not necessarily lead to a holistic e-learning experience during COVID-19: a study in Sri Lanka," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
    7. Yuwan Malakar & Justine Lacey & Paul M Bertsch, 2022. "Towards responsible science and technology: How nanotechnology research and development is shaping risk governance practices in Australia," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-14, December.
    8. Beniamino Schiavone & Andrea Vitale & Mena Gallo & Gianlucasalvatore Russo & Domenico Ponticelli & Mario Borrelli, 2021. "Overview of Facebook Use by Hospitals in Italy: A Nationwide Survey during the COVID-19 Emergency," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-17, July.
    9. Manh-Toan Ho & Manh-Tung Ho & Quan-Hoang Vuong, 2021. "Total SciComm: A Strategy for Communicating Open Science," Publications, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, July.
    10. Yuyao Feng & Guowen Li & Xiaolei Sun & Jianping Li, 2022. "Identification of tourists’ dynamic risk perception—the situation in Tibet," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    11. Yating Wen & Xiaodong Zhao & Yuqi Zang & Xingguo Li, 2024. "How the crisis of trust in experts occurs on social media in China? Multiple-case analysis based on data mining," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, December.
    12. Sirui Li & Ying Liu & Jing Su & Xin Luo & Xiao Yang, 2022. "Can e-commerce platforms build the resilience of brick-and-mortar businesses to the COVID-19 shock? An empirical analysis in the Chinese retail industry," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/356995, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:12:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02661-4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.