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Future flow and water temperature scenarios in an impounded drainage basin: implications for summer flow and temperature management downstream of the dam

Author

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  • Mostafa Khorsandi

    (Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ÉTÉ), and Canadian Rivers Institute (CRI))

  • André St-Hilaire

    (Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ÉTÉ), and Canadian Rivers Institute (CRI))

  • Richard Arsenault

    (Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS))

  • Jean-Luc Martel

    (Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS))

  • Samah Larabi

    (University of Victoria (UVIC))

  • Markus Schnorbus

    (University of Victoria (UVIC))

  • Francis Zwiers

    (University of Victoria (UVIC))

Abstract

Water temperature is a key variable affecting fish habitat in rivers. The Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), a keystone species in north western aquatic ecosystems of North America, is profoundly affected by thermal regime changes in rivers, and it holds a pivotal role in ecological and economic contexts due to its life history, extensive distribution, and commercial fishery. In this study, we explore the effects of climate change on the thermal regime of the Nechako River (British Columbia, Canada), a relatively large river partially controlled by the Skins Lake Spillway. The CEQUEAU hydrological-thermal model was calibrated using discharge and water temperature observations. The model was forced using the Fifth generation of ECMWF Atmospheric Reanalysis data for the past and meteorological projections (downscaled and bias-corrected) from climate models for future scenarios. Hydrological calibration was completed for the 1980–2019 period using data from two hydrometric stations, and water temperature calibration was implemented using observations for 2005–2019 from eight water temperature stations. Changes in water temperature were assessed for two future periods (2040–2069 and 2070–2099) using eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate models and using two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (4.5 and 8.5 W/m2 by 2100) for each period. Results show that water temperatures above 20°C (an upper threshold for adequate thermal habitat for Sockeye salmon migration in this river) at the Vanderhoof station will increase in daily frequency. While the frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon is 1% (0–9 days/summer) based on 2005–2019 observations, this number range is 3.8–36% (0–62 days/summer) according to the ensemble of climate change scenarios. These results show the decreasing habitat availability for Sockeye salmon due to climate change and the importance of water management in addressing this issue.

Suggested Citation

  • Mostafa Khorsandi & André St-Hilaire & Richard Arsenault & Jean-Luc Martel & Samah Larabi & Markus Schnorbus & Francis Zwiers, 2023. "Future flow and water temperature scenarios in an impounded drainage basin: implications for summer flow and temperature management downstream of the dam," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(12), pages 1-25, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:176:y:2023:i:12:d:10.1007_s10584-023-03634-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-023-03634-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abbas Afshar & Hamideh Kazemi & Motahareh Saadatpour, 2011. "Particle Swarm Optimization for Automatic Calibration of Large Scale Water Quality Model (CE-QUAL-W2): Application to Karkheh Reservoir, Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(10), pages 2613-2632, August.
    2. Stephen J. Dugdale & R. Allen Curry & André St-Hilaire & Samuel N. Andrews, 2018. "Impact of Future Climate Change on Water Temperature and Thermal Habitat for Keystone Fishes in the Lower Saint John River, Canada," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(15), pages 4853-4878, December.
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