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Educational Attainment, Citizenship, and Black American Women in Elected and Appointed National Leadership Positions

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  • Amadu Jacky Kaba

    (Seton Hall University)

Abstract

This article examines the issue of American citizenship and how it is related to Black Americans, especially from the perspectives of educational attainment and national political leadership positions (focusing on the U.S. Senate, office of governor, and the U.S. Supreme Court). The article presents seven interrelated conceptual or theoretical perspectives of American citizenship (Three Citizenships; Gender; Equality; Race; Belonging; Military Service; and Protestant Christianity), and where Black Americans (especially Black women) fit in them. The article claims that while Black American women have made substantial progress in college degree attainment, they have done so at a very high financial cost. The article claims that compared with other groups in the society, the gains in educational attainment made by Black American women have not resulted in them being elected or selected to these national leadership positions. Among the factors presented for this exclusion of Black women are: lack of strong support from Black American male leaders and institutional support; ambition; first occupy public office within the states of the Union; they must become moderate politicians; perception that Black women have more privileges in the society than Black men and other groups; and negative media portrayal of Black female candidates. The article claims that despite being one of the oldest and most native groups in the United States, with over nine out of every 10 of them being native-born citizens, Black American women in particular tend to have the characteristics of non-citizens.

Suggested Citation

  • Amadu Jacky Kaba, 2017. "Educational Attainment, Citizenship, and Black American Women in Elected and Appointed National Leadership Positions," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 44(1), pages 99-136, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:blkpoe:v:44:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1007_s12114-017-9245-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s12114-017-9245-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amadu Kaba, 2011. "African American Women Voters: Review Article," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 38(3), pages 183-203, September.
    2. Amadu Kaba & Deborah Ward, 2009. "African Americans and U.S. Politics: The Gradual Progress of Black Women in Political Representation," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 36(1), pages 29-50, March.
    3. Vicky Lovell, 2002. "Constructing Social Citizenship: The Exclusion of African American Women from Unemployment Insurance in the US," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 191-197.
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