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Evaluation of a Brief Mindfulness Program for People with Multiple Sclerosis Delivered in the Community Over Five Years

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  • Maddison Campbell

    (The University of Queensland)

  • Kenneth I. Pakenham

    (The University of Queensland)

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness, change mechanisms, and sustainability of a brief mindfulness intervention for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) delivered in the community through a frontline service over five years. Participants were 126 PwMS. A single intervention condition design was used with pre-intervention, post-intervention and 2-month follow-up assessments. The primary outcome was distress. Secondary outcomes were perceived stress, quality of life (QoL) and fatigue, and the proposed change mechanisms: mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological inflexibility. Intention-to-treat analyses showed the primary outcome, distress (Cohen’s d = .25), and all secondary outcomes improved: perceived stress (d = .38), mental health QoL (d = .39), physical health QoL (d = .47), fatigue (d = .30), mindfulness (d = .29), self-compassion (d = .37), psychological flexibility (d = .44). Distress, stress and perceived stress continued to improve post-intervention to follow-up. Mindfulness emerged as a temporal mediator of perceived stress (BCa 95% CI). Self-compassion mediated concurrent improvements in distress, perceived stress, fatigue and physical health QoL, while greater psychological flexibility mediated concurrent reductions in distress (BCa 95% CI). Mindfulness home practice was unrelated to improvements on all outcomes except a marginal association with mindfulness. Of the socio-demographic and illness factors, lower disease severity predicted improvements in physical health QoL (p = .046). Improvements in outcomes were supported by qualitative feedback and participant satisfaction ratings. Twenty-one groups were offered with good participant engagement and wide geographical reach, suggesting sustained feasibility of the Mindfulness for MS program over five years. Findings support the delivery of the Mindfulness for MS program through a community-based service in partnership with a local university.

Suggested Citation

  • Maddison Campbell & Kenneth I. Pakenham, 2022. "Evaluation of a Brief Mindfulness Program for People with Multiple Sclerosis Delivered in the Community Over Five Years," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 17(2), pages 1019-1041, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ariqol:v:17:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s11482-021-09944-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11482-021-09944-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fledderus, M. & Bohlmeijer, E.T. & Smit, F. & Westerhof, G.J., 2010. "Mental health promotion as a new goal in public mental health care: A randomized controlled trial of an intervention enhancing psychological flexibility," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(12), pages 2372-2378.
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