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Использование Методов Гребневой Регрессии При Объединении Прогнозов // The Application Of Ridge Regression Methods When Combining Forecasts

Author

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  • A. Frenkel’ A.

    (Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences)

  • N. Volkova N.

    (Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences)

  • A. Surkov A.

    (Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences)

  • E. Romanyuk I.

    (Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences)

  • А. Френкель А.

    (Институт экономики Российской академии наук)

  • Н. Волкова Н.

    (Институт экономики Российской академии наук)

  • А. Сурков А.

    (Институт экономики Российской академии наук)

  • Э. Романюк И.

    (Институт экономики Российской академии наук)

Abstract

Forecasting of economic indicators with time series using one or another method or another but the only method leads to the situation that all the information contained in other forecasting methods is usually discarded. The information that is ignored may contain information that allows other features of the economic process to be assessed. Combining forecasts makes possible to take into account almost all the information contained in particular forecasts. In the article, we present the analysis of the application of the method of regression analysis, in particular, ridge regression for finding the weighting coefficients of the particular forecasts in the combined forecast. We compared the accuracy of prediction based on the ridge regression with other methods of combining predictions. The purpose of our research work was an analysis of the most common methods of combining forecasts — various modifications of Granger-Ramanathan methods and comparison with a new approach of combining forecasts based on the ridge regression for its use in practice. We used statistical methods of time series forecasting (the method of harmonic weights, adaptive exponential smoothing using a tracking signal, the method of simple exponential smoothing and the Box-Jenkins model), the method of constructing combined forecasts, as well as methods of regression analysis. As a result, we built the combined forecasts based on annual data for the period from 1950 to 2015 on the production in Russia of some products: steel, metallurgical coke, pulp, plywood, cement. We used the methods of Granger-Ramanathan (without restrictions and with restrictions on the sum of coefficients in partial predictions) and also the ∆-coefficients obtained by the ridge regression method. The forecasts constructed using the Granger-Ramanathan methods give the highest accuracy of the combined forecast. The method based on the ridge regression is less accurate, but better than the separate predictions. At the same time, the proposed method of calculating the weight coefficients on the basis of the ridge regression has a well- developed scheme of calculation and eliminates the negative weight coefficients in the combined forecast. Прогнозирование экономических показателей с помощью временных рядов с использованием того или иного, но единственного метода приводит к тому, что вся информация, которая содержится в других методах прогнозирования, обычно отбрасывается. Игнорируемая информация может содержать сведения, позволяющие оценить другие стороны экономического процесса. Объединение прогнозов дает возможность использовать почти всю информацию, содержащуюся в частных прогнозах.В работе оценивается эффективность использования метода регрессионного анализа, в частности гребневой регрессии для нахождения весовых коэффициентов при частных прогнозах в объединенном прогнозе. Проводится сравнение точности прогнозирования на основе гребневой регрессии с другими методами объединения прогнозов. Цель работы — анализ наиболее распространенных методов объединения прогнозов — различных модификаций методов Грэйнджера–Раманатхана и сопоставление их с новым подходом объединения прогнозов на основе гребневой регрессии для использования его на практике.Используются статистические методы прогнозирования временных рядов (метод гармонических весов, адаптивного экспоненциального сглаживания с использованием трэкинг-сигнала, метод обычного экспоненциального сглаживания и модель Бокса–Дженкинса), методика построения объединенных прогнозов, а также методы регрессионного анализа.В результате построены объединенные прогнозы на основе годовых данных за период с 1950 по 2015 г. о производстве в РФ некоторых продуктов в натуральном выражении: стали, кокса металлургического, целлюлозы, фанеры, цемента. Использовались методы Грэнджер–Раманатхана (без ограничений и с ограничениями на сумму коэффициентовпричастныхпрогнозах).Такжеисследованиестроилосьнаоснове ∆-коэффициентов,полученныхметодом гребневой регрессии.Прогнозы, построенные с использованием методов Грэнджера–Раманатхана, дают наибольшую точность объединенного прогноза. Метод, основанный на гребневой регрессии, менее точен, но лучше, чем частные прогнозы. В то же время предлагаемая методика расчета весовых коэффициентов на основе гребневой регрессии имеет достаточно хорошо разработанную механику расчетов и избавляет объединение от отрицательных весовых коэффициентов.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Frenkel’ A. & N. Volkova N. & A. Surkov A. & E. Romanyuk I. & А. Френкель А. & Н. Волкова Н. & А. Сурков А. & Э. Романюк И., 2018. "Использование Методов Гребневой Регрессии При Объединении Прогнозов // The Application Of Ridge Regression Methods When Combining Forecasts," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 22(4), pages 6-17.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2018:i:4:p:6-17
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Exterkate, Peter & Groenen, Patrick J.F. & Heij, Christiaan & van Dijk, Dick, 2016. "Nonlinear forecasting with many predictors using kernel ridge regression," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 736-753.
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