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Экономика и финансы античного мира // Economy and Finance of the Classical Antiquity

Author

Listed:
  • Ludmila Muravyeva A.

    (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation)

  • Людмила Муравьева Александровна

    (Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации)

Abstract

The article considers the main directions and features of economic development of the classical Greek-Roman civilization. Agrarian society was based on the developed agriculture and cattle breeding. The soft Mediterranean climate allowed cultivating grain crops, grapes and olives. One part of the population was involved in the main occupation - craft. Public division of labor promoted the development of an exchange within the states and beyond their borders. Wine, olive oil and ceramics dominated in export. The development of monetary circulation made a subsistence economy morph he slowly into the commodity economy. Unlike east ingots and weight units the antiquity saw a wide spread of the use of silver, copper and, later, gold coins. Greeks and Romans made a noticeable contribution to the theory and practice of the accounting. Outstanding philosophers like Plato and Aristotle wrote about it. The antique society wasn’t socially uniform. It was divided into the poor and the rich, first by origin, and then - according to a property qualification. The fight of the people for their rights was long and rather successful in general. The slavery was an integral part of social life of the classical antiquity. The system of classical slaveholding which developed in Ancient Greece and Rome existed for some centuries. During this period it considerably evolved in the direction of the transformation of a slave into a serf who had the right to have property and a family. These changes led at first to a crisis, and then to the crash of the antique civilization and change of a way of production. Статья рассматривает основные направления и особенности экономического развития классической греко-римской цивилизации. Аграрное общество базировалось на развитом земледелии и скотоводстве. Мягкий средиземноморский климат позволял возделывать зерновые культуры, виноград и оливки. Часть населения занималась только ремеслом. Общественное разделение труда способствовало развитию обмена внутри государств и за пределами. В экспорте доминировало вино, оливковое масло, керамика. Развитие денежного обращения придало натуральному хозяйству черты товарного. В отличие от восточных слитков и весовых единиц в античности появились и широко использовались серебряные, медные, а позднее и золотые монеты. Греки и римляне внесли заметный вклад в теорию и практику учета. О нем писали выдающиеся философы Платон и Аристотель. Античное общество не было социально однородным. Оно делилось на бедных и богатых сначала по происхождению, а затем - по имущественному цензу. Борьба демоса за права была длительной, в целом достаточно успешной. Неотъемлемой частью социального бытия античного мира было рабство. Система классического рабовладения, сложившаяся в Древней Греции и Риме, просуществовала несколько столетий. За этот период она заметно эволюционировала в направлении превращения раба в крепостного со своим имуществом и семьей. Подобные изменения привели сначала к кризису, а затем к краху античной цивилизации и смене способа производства.

Suggested Citation

  • Ludmila Muravyeva A. & Людмила Муравьева Александровна, 2016. "Экономика и финансы античного мира // Economy and Finance of the Classical Antiquity," Учет. Анализ. Аудит // Accounting. Analysis. Auditing, ФГОБУВО "Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации" // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, issue 4, pages 99-111.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:accntn:y:2016:i:4:p:99-111
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