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Choosing the Number of Categories in Agree–Disagree Scales

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  • Melanie A. Revilla
  • Willem E. Saris
  • Jon A. Krosnick

Abstract

Although agree–disagree (AD) rating scales suffer from acquiescence response bias, entail enhanced cognitive burden, and yield data of lower quality, these scales remain popular with researchers due to practical considerations (e.g., ease of item preparation, speed of administration, and reduced administration costs). This article shows that if researchers want to use AD scales, they should offer 5 answer categories rather than 7 or 11, because the latter yield data of lower quality. This is shown using data from four multitrait-multimethod experiments implemented in the third round of the European Social Survey. The quality of items with different rating scale lengths were computed and compared.

Suggested Citation

  • Melanie A. Revilla & Willem E. Saris & Jon A. Krosnick, 2014. "Choosing the Number of Categories in Agree–Disagree Scales," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 43(1), pages 73-97, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:43:y:2014:i:1:p:73-97
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124113509605
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Willem Saris & Theresia van Wijk & Annette Scherpenzeel, 1998. "Validity and Reliability of Subjective Social Indicators: The effect of different measures of association," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 173-199, November.
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    1. Mohammed Saud Mira* & Dr. Yap Voon Choong & Dr. Chan Kok Thim, 2018. "The Role of Job Satisfaction as Mediator Between Human Resource Practices and Employees' Performance Among the Cargos' Employees at Saudi Ports Authority Based on the Motivation Theories," The Journal of Social Sciences Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, pages 91-105:4.
    2. Buonincontri, P. & Morvillo, A. & Okumus, F. & van Niekerk, M., 2017. "Managing the experience co-creation process in tourism destinations: Empirical findings from Naples," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 264-277.
    3. George Darko & Kaj Björkqvist & Karin Österman, 2019. "Workplace Bullying and Psychological Distress in Public Institutions in Ghana," European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research Articles, Revistia Research and Publishing, vol. 6, January -.
    4. Anna DeCastellarnau, 2018. "A classification of response scale characteristics that affect data quality: a literature review," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(4), pages 1523-1559, July.

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