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The Effectiveness of Demand-Side Government Intervention to Promote Elderly Employment: Evidence from Japan

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  • Ayako Kondo
  • Hitoshi Shigeoka

Abstract

In this article, the authors examine the effect of a demand-side government intervention on employment of the elderly. The growing gap between the increasing pension eligibility age and the mandatory retirement age has emerged as a serious social concern in Japan. Starting in 2006, the government legally mandated employers to offer continuous employment up to the increased pension eligibility age. By comparing cohorts affected and unaffected by the policy, the authors find that such legal enforcement increases the employment rate of men in their early 60s. Furthermore, the effect is concentrated on employees at large-sized firms, where mandatory retirement was applied more strictly in the past. The authors then examine potential complementarity between pension reform—the conventional supply-side intervention—and the demand-side intervention. Evidence suggests that the impact of an increase in pension eligibility age on elderly employment is slightly larger when combined with legal demand-side enforcement.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayako Kondo & Hitoshi Shigeoka, 2017. "The Effectiveness of Demand-Side Government Intervention to Promote Elderly Employment: Evidence from Japan," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 70(4), pages 1008-1036, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:ilrrev:v:70:y:2017:i:4:p:1008-1036
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    Cited by:

    1. Mika Akesaka & Peter Eibich & Chie Hanaoka & Hitoshi Shigeoka, 2023. "Temporal Instability of Risk Preference among the Poor: Evidence from Payday Cycles," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 68-99, October.
    2. Yuping Deng & Yanrui Wu & Helian Xu, 2020. "Political Connections and Firm Pollution Behaviour: An Empirical Study," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 75(4), pages 867-898, April.
    3. Todd Morris & Benoit Dostie, 2023. "Graying and staying on the job: The welfare implications of employment protection for older workers," Cahiers de recherche / Working Papers 15, Institut sur la retraite et l'épargne / Retirement and Savings Institute.
    4. Yokoyama, Izumi & Kodama, Naomi & Higuchi, Yoshio, 2019. "Inequality through wage response to the business cycle–Evidence from the FFL decomposition method," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 87-98.
    5. Inoue, Toshikatsu, 2022. "The effect of aging on the age–wage profile in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    6. Kajitani Shinya & Kan Mari, 2023. "Pension Reform and Improved Employment Protection: Effects on Older Men’s Employment Outcomes," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(4), pages 1017-1043, October.
    7. Kawaguchi, Daiji & Mori, Yuko, 2021. "Estimating the effects of the minimum wage using the introduction of indexation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 388-408.
    8. Koyo Miyoshi & Taichi Tamura, 2017. "The Effects of a Change in the Social Security Earnings Test on the Japanese Elderly Male Labor Supply," Discussion papers ron296, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan.
    9. Oshio, Takashi & Shimizutani, Satoshi & Oishi, Akiko S., 2020. "Examining how elderly employment is associated with institutional disincentives in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    10. Yuji Mizushima & Haruko Noguchi, 2021. "Spillover effects of minimum wages on suicide mortality: Evidence from Japan," Working Papers 2105, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    11. Sun, Jessica Ya & Usui, Emiko, 2022. "How Do Age-Related Policy Reforms Promote Employment among Older Adults in Singapore?," IZA Discussion Papers 15537, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Ayako KONDO, 2017. "Does Promoting Elderly Employment Hurt Young Japanese Workers? [‘Koyō no ba ni okeru jakunen-sha to kōrei-sha’ (Young and old in places of employment)]," Social Science Japan Journal, University of Tokyo and Oxford University Press, vol. 20(2), pages 279-285.
    13. Takashi Oshio & Akiko S. Oishi & Satoshi Shimizutani, 2018. "Social Security Programs and Elderly Employment in Japan," NBER Chapters, in: Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World: Reforms and Retirement Incentives, pages 271-296, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Teruyama, Hiroshi & Goto, Yasuo & Lechevalier, Sebastien, 2018. "Firm-level labor demand for and macroeconomic increases in non-regular workers in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 90-105.
    15. OSHIO Takashi & SHIMIZUTANI Satoshi & OISHI Akiko, 2019. "Addressing the Institutional Disincentives to Elderly Employment in Japan," Discussion papers 19080, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    16. Hasebe, Takuya & Sakai, Tadashi, 2018. "Are elderly workers more likely to die in occupational accidents? Evidence from both industry-aggregated data and administrative individual-level data in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 79-89.
    17. Daiji Kawaguchi & Hiroaki Mori, 2019. "The labor market in Japan, 2000–2018," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 385-385, July.
    18. Tai Lee & Joonmo Cho, 2022. "Unintended consequences of the retirement‐age extension in South Korea," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 36(1), pages 105-125, May.
    19. Daiji Kawaguchi & Hiroaki Mori, 2017. "The labor market in Japan, 2000–2016," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 385-385, September.
    20. Derek Messacar & Petr Kocourek, 2019. "Pathways to Retirement, Well-Being, and Mandatory Retirement Rules: Evidence from Canadian Reforms," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 40(3), pages 249-275, September.
    21. Ryosuke Okazawa & Katsuya Takii, 2019. "Intergenerational Conflict Over Consumption Tax Hike: Evidence from Japan," OSIPP Discussion Paper 19E009, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University.
    22. Masayuki Okada, 2023. "The optimal earnings test and retirement behavior," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 30(4), pages 1036-1068, August.
    23. Kawata, Yuji & Owan, Hideo, 2022. "Peer effects on job satisfaction from exposure to elderly workers," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).

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