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A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis of Flexible Zoning and the Demand for Development Rights

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  • B E Carpenter
  • D R Heffley

Abstract

Certain contemporary land-use controls permit zoning violations in return for various forms of payment. These ‘flexible zoning’ schemes are examined within the context of a spatial equilibrium model of residential location. Behavioral constraints are altered in such a way that households may ‘buy their way out’ of normal zoning restrictions under terms specified by a regional zoning authority. Simulations are used to analyze the demand for constraint violations (‘development rights’) and to illustrate the effects of such programs upon the spatial structure of the economy and upon the fiscal position of the metropolitan government.

Suggested Citation

  • B E Carpenter & D R Heffley, 1981. "A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis of Flexible Zoning and the Demand for Development Rights," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 13(3), pages 273-284, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:13:y:1981:i:3:p:273-284
    DOI: 10.1068/a130273
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    Cited by:

    1. Elizabeth Kopits & Virginia McConnell & Margaret Walls, 2008. "Making Markets for Development Rights Work: What Determines Demand?," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 84(1), pages 1-16.
    2. Heffley, Dennis, 1998. "Landlords, tenants and the public sector in a spatial equilibrium model of rent control," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 745-772, November.
    3. P Gordon & J E Moore II, 1991. "Planning the Trajectories of Land and Development Rights Rents via Discrete Programming Models," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 23(11), pages 1561-1570, November.
    4. Walls, Margaret, 2012. "Markets for Development Rights: Lessons Learned from Three Decades of a TDR Program," RFF Working Paper Series dp-12-49, Resources for the Future.
    5. Chen, Chun & Yu, Li & Choguill, Charles L., 2020. "“Dipiao”, Chinese approach to transfer of land development rights: The experiences of Chongqing," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).

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