Exploring the Role of Digital Twin Technology in Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience: A Conceptual Framework

This study explores to development of a comprehensive conceptual framework that integrates technological enablers, operational processes, and resilience outcomes, providing insights into how DTs can address disruptions and improve supply chain performance. The study adopts a conceptual approach, synthesising insights from extensive literature, theoretical underpinnings, and expert input. Key dimensions of the framework—inputs, processes, and outcomes—were identified and structured to illustrate the dynamic relationships between DT technology and resilience. The framework is supported by socio-technical systems theory, the Resource-Based View, and complexity theory to contextualise the interactions between technology and supply chain dynamics. The proposed framework identifies critical enablers, such as IoT, AI, and simulation tools, and links them to key supply chain processes, including real-time monitoring, risk assessment, and scenario planning. These processes enhance resilience dimensions, such as responsiveness, flexibility, and risk mitigation. The study highlights the transformative potential of DTs in improving visibility and decision-making within supply chains. This research fills a significant gap in the existing literature by providing an integrated framework that connects DT technology with supply chain resilience strategies. Supply chain practitioners can leverage this framework to systematically implement DT technology, improving real-time visibility and preparing for potential disruptions through advanced risk assessment and scenario planning.