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Re-examination of the Convergence in Military Expenditures across NATO Countries: Do Different Approximations in Modeling Structural Breaks Matter?

Author

Listed:
  • Gulbahar Ucler

    (Department of Economics, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Turkey)

  • Umit Bulut

    (Department of Economics, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Turkey)

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to investigate whether the ratio of military expenditures to GDP converged across 27 NATO countries for the period 1993–2018 within the scope of stochastic convergence analysis. For this purpose, paying attention to the modeling of structural breaks, the paper employs unit root tests with and without sharp breaks and a unit root test with gradual breaks. The empirical findings imply that using different approximations in modeling structural breaks results in different outputs. The findings indicate weak evidence for the presence of convergence as well. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Gulbahar Ucler & Umit Bulut, 2021. "Re-examination of the Convergence in Military Expenditures across NATO Countries: Do Different Approximations in Modeling Structural Breaks Matter?," Asian Journal of Applied Economics/ Applied Economics Journal, Kasetsart University, Faculty of Economics, Center for Applied Economic Research, vol. 28(1), pages 43-62.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:apecjn:0052
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    Cited by:

    1. İbrahim Sezer Belliler, 2023. "Convergence of Military Expenditures in MENA Countries: Evidences from a Fourier Panel Unit Root Test with Multiple Breaks," EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(39), pages 183-199, December.
    2. Yasin Kutuk, 2024. "Divergence and club convergence in NATO," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 1013-1035, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • N40 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - General, International, or Comparative

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