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Les théoriciens contemporains de la monnaie endogène : consensus et désaccords

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  • Bouvet, Patrice

    (Centre d’études monétaires et financières)

Abstract

Among the contemporary endogenous money supply theorists (CEMST), it is possible to distinguish five main schools: the authors of the circuit, the "Integrationnists", the Neo-Marxians, the Post-Keynesians and the "Cambridgians". For the CEMST, in our economies, banks, as a response to the demand of the economy, monetise the production. In return, banks give an economic value to the currency units. Central money is by no means a precondition to the emission of money. Money is a passive variable which cannot be the cause of inflation. With regard to the origin of this economic perturbation, CEMST deeply disagree. For the authors of the circuit, inflation is a way for certain firms to avoid bankruptcy. According to the "Integrationnists", inflation can be explained by an excess expenditure on the labour market. For the Neo-Marxians, increases in prices proceed from the necessary remuneration of the overaccumulated capital. Finally, the Post-Keynesians maintain that inflation is fundamentally a distribution problem. Logically, the anti-inflationnary policy to be implemented is another subject which divides these authors. Parmi les théoriciens contemporains de la monnaie endogène (TCME), il est possible de distinguer cinq écoles principales : les circuitistes, les « intégrationnistes », les néo-marxistes, les post-keynésiens et les Cambridgiens. D’après les TCME, dans les économies monétaires de production, les banques, en réponse à une demande formulée par l’économie, monétisent la production. En retour, celles-ci confèrent une valeur économique aux unités monétaires. En aucun cas l’existence de la monnaie centrale est un préalable à l’émission de la monnaie secondaire. La monnaie est une variable passive qui ne peut pas être la cause de l’inflation. En ce qui concerne l’origine de cette perturbation économique, les TCME sont assez largement divisés. Pour les circuitistes, l’inflation est un mode de régulation permettant aux firmes en difficultés d’éviter la faillite. D’après les « intégrationnistes », l’inflation s’explique par une dépense excédentaire sur le marché des services producteurs. Selon les néo-marxistes, l’augmentation des prix est rendue nécessaire par l’obligation de rémunérer le capital suracumulé. Les post-keynésiens soutiennent quand à eux que l’inflation est fondamentalement un problème de répartition. Logiquement, la politique à mettre en oeuvre pour lutter contre cette pathologie est un autre sujet qui divise assez largement ces auteurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Bouvet, Patrice, 1996. "Les théoriciens contemporains de la monnaie endogène : consensus et désaccords," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 72(4), pages 451-470, décembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:72:y:1996:i:4:p:451-470
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    Cited by:

    1. Mna, Ali & Younsi, Moheddine, 2017. "The Credit Channel Transmission of Monetary Policy in Tunisia," MPRA Paper 83519, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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