Global Change, Local Consequences: A Review of the Relationships Between FDI, Globalization, GDP, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Ecological Footprint

The main goal is to examine the effects of GDP, globalization, urbanization, FDI, and energy on CO2 emissions and ecological footprint. The research was conducted between 2003 and 2022. The investigation of the asymmetric effects of FDI as its primary goal. It begins by providing an overview of the effects of globalization, urbanization, FDI, energy, GDP, and CO2 emissions on the ecological footprint and CO2 emissions of the G7 countries. Secondly, the literature is identified by drawing on the theoretical and empirical insights found in published literature. In addition, this article put light on theoretical methods that describes how/ why these methods work. Third, this paper suggests three productive areas for more study. This study adds to the body of knowledge on the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), energy, globalization, urbanization, and GDP on CO2 emissions and the ecological footprint of G7 nations by critically evaluating and synthesizing previous theories and studies in this field.