Análisis de la coherencia en los mercados locales de trabajo de la provincia de Huelva

Resumen:Esta investigación compara, en la provincia de Huelva, dos regionalizaciones, una funcional y otra administrativa: Mercados Locales de Trabajo (MLT) versus Unidades Territoriales de Empleo, Desarrollo Local y Tecnológico (UTEDLT). La intención es detectar qué geografía identifica, en mayor medida, la realidad social y económica del territorio. Los MLT se comparan con las UTEDLT con respecto a tres indicadores económicos: la renta neta por declarante, la tasa de ocupación y la tasa de paro. Se aplican técnicas de econometría espacial para analizar la coherencia de cada región. El resultado esperado es una mayor homogeneidad dentro de los MLT y una mayor heterogeneidad entre los MLT.Abstract:This research compares two regionalizations in the province of Huelva. Local Labor Markets (MLT) is compared with Territorial Units for Employment, Local Development and Technology (UTEDLT). The intention is to detect what geography shows the social and economic reality of the territory. Spatial econometric techniques are applied to analyse the coherence of each region. The expected result is more homogeneity within the MLT and more heterogeneity among the MLT. If functional regions show more coherence that the administrative regions, regional labor market policies can be addressed more successfully to the municipalities of the same functional regions to the municipalities of the same administrative region. But it might be more difficult and costly to reorganize the structure of local government according to a functional division. Therefore, a functional regionalization should have benefits on administrative regionalization to be really useful for policy makers. A local labor market is a geographic area in which most workers live and work within it. It is an area where a significant number of employers and employees adopt resolutions. Territorial units of employment, local development and technology were created as administrative units with the intention of promoting employment based on a territorial dimension. The aim of this research is to compare two regionalizations. Coherence of the labor market in relation to three economic indicators, the employment rate, unemployment rate and average net income per taxpayer will be analysed. These indicators will check if the defined functional regions (MLT) have more coherence than UTEDLT. If the delimitation of functional regions shows more coherence than UTEDLT, regional labor market policies can address most successful municipalities in functional regions. The main objective of this research is to propose a model to assess the level of coherence between functional and non-functional areas. The proposed model will examine the coherence between and within local labor markets and the territorial units in the province of Huelva. We apply two econometric models for analysis: least squares regression model and exploratory spatial analysis. A secondary objective is to determine what regionalization is the most appropriate for the implementation of public policies. Comparing these two boundaries intend to justify the goodness of local labor markets. To do this, identify what municipalities reveal more coherence within the MLT that within the UTEDLT. We also try to show how economic indicators that measure the consistency of the labor market remain a spatial pattern for evaluation requiring the use of spatial econometric analysis techniques. Firstly, we apply the methodology proposed by Cörvers et al. (2009). The mean and standard deviation is calculated for each of the indicators. Then a least squares regression reveals the differences of each of the indicators between functional and administrative region is performed. Secondly, a spatial exploratory analysis is performed by checking the existence of autocorrelation for each of the indicators in the MLT and UTEDLT. We used the statistical index Moran offered a summary measure of the intensity autocorrelation in the territories concerned. The statistic measures the agglomeration, the trend of similar values to cluster in space. These tests try to determine the extent to which municipalities reveal more coherence within the MLT that within the UTEDLT. The Local Employment Observatory of the University of Huelva with daily mobility data Population and Housing Census 2001 conducts MLT delimitation used in this research. From Population and Housing Census 2011 rates are calculated unemployment and occupation. The occupancy rate is calculated as the ratio between the working population and the population aged 16 to 64 years. The unemployment rate is calculated by dividing the percentage of the unemployed population between the sum of the percentage of the unemployed population and employed population. With these calculations the Labour Force Survey obtains defined occupancy rates and unemployment. The tax office has provided data on the average net income per taxpayer for 2011. The average net income is defined as the ratio of total net income declared and the number of declarations. By spatial exploratory analysis, the hypothesis that UTEDLT of Huelva shows less consistency that MLT cannot refuse. There is evidence that consistency is higher for the occupancy rate and net income per taxpayer in the MLT. However, the indicator referring to the unemployment rate is more homogeneous on the UTEDLT and more heterogeneous among the UTEDLT.