Evaluación De Los Programas De Intermediación Al Empleo Desarrollados En La Comunidad Autónoma De Andalucía Durante El Período 2005-2011 . Una Propuesta Metodológica De Análisis De Eficiencia Y Productividad Ligado Al Territorio

Resumen:El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en la determinación del impacto de los programas de intermediación al empleo ejecutados en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía durante el período 2005-2011. La metodología que se utiliza se aleja de la tradicional evaluación de las políticas públicas basadas en criterios legales, administrativos y/o económicos, proponiéndose aplicar una metodología que permita relacionar la coherencia de las políticas activas de empleo en general y las de intermediación al empleo en particular, con las características específicas del territorio donde se aplican. Para ello, se ha estudiado la distribución territorial de las inversiones relacionándolas con el número de desempleados. Asimismo, se ha medido el grado de eficiencia territorial en la ejecución de los programas de intermediación al empleo mediante un Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) y de su productividad a través del cálculo del índice de Malmquist (IM).Abstract:This research work is focused on the impact produced by occupational mediation´s programs implemented in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia during the period 2005-2011. The methodology used in this work is get away from traditional public policies evaluations based on legal, administrative or economic criteria, instead of that we are proposing to apply a methodology which allow to connect the consistency of public active employment policies in general with the specific characteristics of the territory where those are apply. Therefore, the territorial distribution of investments has been studied relating to unemployment figures. Likewise, the territorial efficiency of labor mediation´s programs had been calculated trough a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), as well as its productivity using the Malmquist calculation rate. In the analysis of the adequacy of investments to the territorial characteristics, a variable for the number of unemployed has been chosen, thus, determine the existence of a linear relationship between volume in each of the Andalusian provinces and completed investment in such programs to improve the level of employability. Thus, unemployment rates and total number of unemployed corresponding to the figures provided by the INE, from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and data on registered unemployment offered by the Public Service of State Employment (SPEE) were used at provincial level. Likewise completed investments carried out in programs subject of this work in the eight Andalusian provinces territorial division. In addition, an efficiency analysis for public policies management was used. This concept has an evident business component, so, for this investigation, unemployment and public policies use have been apply into an endogenous development range. In that way, the improvement of public resources management, as applied in this article, imply an increased number of employed people linked to territory –output- using for that an economic and/or material resources derivate from different employment programs carried out –inputs-. One of the great limitations for researchers in this kind of studies comes from the lack of information provided by public administrations. In the same way, data offered evenly use to refer to different valuation units, so homogeneous comparison is not allowed in times. This situation complicate the use of parametric technics as, even in those situations where specific variables can be fixed to certain programs, it is impossible to maintain an homogenous sequence during a certain period of time. That´s why non parametric tools were used in the design for the methodology for this study. Thus, the real object for this study is the efficiency of territorial entities in employment programs development in relation to others in similar representatively and efficiency features. The non-parametric methodology used is the Surrounding Data Analysis (DEA), which allows to calculate production limit as a surrounding of data. In this research, the Decision Making Unit (DMU) used was the Andalusia´s provinces limits. The use of this methodology allows revealing significant differences relatives to increase employment level in each one of the (DMU) unit, thought territory variable has a very significant incidence. Among the different conclusions provided, there is the need to decide a specific methodology to evaluate –ex ante, during and ex post-, emerged from the use of different tools used as deliberation element in the ground concession to territorial enters in charge of applying and carrying out projects. By this way, the current discussion at this moment it is not to maintain or not active employment policies as instrument to reduce unemployment figures, but to establish a planning methodology to bring in improvement elements in programs to achieve the desirable objectives they were made for, which have to include territorial features. In addition, is taking to account that current economic situation with high unemployment rates and reduction of public resources to support employment policies, there is the responsibility of justify, into extent of objective compliance terms, the investment carried out in every program.