La Estrategia de Turismo Sostenible de Andalucía: elementos fundamentales en el marco de la planificación turística subregional andaluza

RESUMEN: Este trabajo presenta las características básicas de la Estrategia de Turismo Sostenible de Andalucía (ETS) en el marco de la planificación turística de escala subregional. Por una parte, se hace una descripción de los principales elementos de innovación que aporta la ETS como instrumento de desarrollo turístico a la luz de los distintos enfoques y perspectivas de planificación turística desarrollados en España y Andalucía. Y por otra parte, se realiza un análisis sistemático y de conjunto de todos los programas ejecutados en la región andaluza dentro de la ETS para establecer sus principales dimensiones territoriales como elemento clave para su mejor comprensión, , entre las que destacan la superposición y la continuidad. ABSTRACT: This study examines the defining elements of the Strategy for Sustainable Tourism of Andalusia (SST) within the tourist planning of subregional scale. In a first part, it is made an identification of the elements of innovation which has resulted in the SST, it contextualization within the framework of evolutionary approaches and perspectives, as well as the tourist planning instruments developed in Spain and Andalusia. On the other hand, it is made an approximation to its characteristics, contributing a systematic and comprehensive analysis for Andalusia. Therefore, in this work it is accounted for the status of subregional tourist planning in Andalusia, focused on the analysis of the SST, and an assessment of it is carried out within the framework of the tourism planning developed in Spain. The methodology used has consisted in the collection and study of the main bibliographic sources on the subject, with the triple objective of: set the heading point of the research, clarify and set concepts, perspectives and key approaches, in order to delimit the object of study, as well as to develop a framework for contextualization on planning, tourism, and specifically, the tourist planning of subregional area, focusing the theme of the study in Andalusia and specifically in the SST. Normative sources that appeared in the official bulletins were also examined and diverse secondary information published was analyzed by the Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Sport concerning tourist plans and their territorial areas. Similarly, secondary information concerning economic investment, as well as other offered on its web site, was analyzed in order to verify the state of development of the sub-regional tourist planning. These tasks are accompanied by the use of tools for spatial analysis, through the use of the of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which has allowed to offer integrated information of the main variables of the sub-regional tourist planning in Andalusia, such as the spatial distribution, that has its manifestation in the mapping included in the work. Therefore, the analysis is focused on the SST and its development, in the context of the tourist planning developed in Spain and Andalusia. Thus, under the second heading, it is made a reflection on the different existing models of tourism planning in order to be able to assess the incorporation of the programmes analyzed. This deals with a tour of the different tourist planning instruments made at the state level, with the aim of being able to locate the origin and foundation of the tourist plans. The starting point for the analysis of different models of planning has been based on the work of the major authors in this matter, such as Getz, Ivars, Ricaurte and Osorio. Later, this tour has been focused on regional level, i.e., in tourist planning of subregional scale for Andalusia, to finish picking up the innovative elements which have led the SST. Once done this exercise in contextualisation and location, under the third heading are described the basic features of the SST and its two initiatives - Initiative of Sustainable Tourism and Tourist Cities Initiative - collecting temporary evolution, spatial distribution, economic investment, and aspects concerning the appearance of phenomena of overlapping and continuity. Finally, a last epigraph which displays some relevant conclusions on the SST programmes carried out in Andalusia is presented. The main results of this study can be summarized as: - An exhibition of models of tourism planning, approaches and existing prospects to deal with the improvement of the tourist offer. - An analysis of the different tourist planning instruments made at state and regional levels for Andalusia. - The establishment of the innovative characters of the SST. - The study of subregional tourist plans, with special attention to the Andalusia and focused on the two modes of the SST, which have allowed to establish its basic features. In conclusions of this work, it must be pointed out the verification of the impulse of the tourist planning of subregional area, in which it is revealed the enormous importance of the SST, through its two modalities, Initiative for Sustainable Tourism and Tourist Cities Initiative, as an instrument of intervention to improve the tourist demand in Andalusia for its development, consolidation and investment capacity, which has enabled the expansion of the Andalusian tourist area. The presented work deals with a systematic analysis of the basic characteristics of the Strategy of Sustainable Tourism as a basic instrument of tourist policy in Andalusia without which it will not be possible to deepen their study in future research works.