Áreas metropolitanas: Diversidad jurídica y planifiación territorial

Resumen: Este estudio analiza la problemática de las áreas metropolitanas en España desde una perspectiva jurídica. Se parte de la constatación de la superación de las fórmulas pesadas de gobierno metropolitano, y la necesidad de buscar alternativas más flexibles. Entre estas fórmulas alternativas ocupa un lugar propio la planificación territorial, por la potencialidad que le supone su carácter transversal e integrador del territorio metropolitano. En este trabajo se da cuenta del estado de la planificación territorial metropolitana en España, y se realiza una valoración de la misma, con especial atención al caso andaluz. La metodología empleada en este trabajo ha consistido en el estudio de las principales fuentes bibliográficas sobre la materia, mediante su búsqueda en las bibliotecas de las Universidades españolas, completada con el recurso a publicaciones electrónicas a través de internet. También se han analizado las fuentes normativas, mediante el recurso a la publicación de éstas en los diarios oficiales y su búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas. Como resultados y principales conclusiones de este artículo, deben apuntarse la constatación de la diversidad de técnicas jurídicas existentes para la solución del fenómeno metropolitano, así como el importante papel que juegan entre ellas las fórmulas asociativas de entidades locales y los planes de ordenación del territorio. Abstract: This paper analyzes the problems of metropolitan areas in Spain from a legal perspective. It begins by noting the passing of heavy metropolitan government formulas, and the need to seek more flexible alternatives. These alternative formulas should be emphasized the territorial planning, for the potential of his transverse character and integrator of the metropolitan territory. This paper gives the state of the metropolitan land use planning in Spain, and an assessment of it, with especial attention to the case of Andalusia. The methodology used in this paper was to study the main sources of literature on the subject, by searching in libraries of Spanish universities, supplemented by the use of electronic publications via the Internet. We also examined the sources of law, contained in the official journals and electronic databases. The source analysis focused on juridical doctrinal works, since this is a juridical work. However, also not juridical works have been analyzed, belonging to other sciences such as geography, economics, or sociology. The point of item of doctrinal analysis has been the work of the principal juridical authors in this matter, suchs as Concepción Barrero Rodríguez and Ramón Martín Mateo. Among the analyzed legal journals include the Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica, and the Revista de Administración Pública de Andalucía. The analysis of the juridical sources includes the regulations of several classes, principally, laws and plans. Among the laws examined include state laws as the Constitución Española, the Statutes of Autonomy, and the Ley 7/1985 Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local, and regional laws as the laws of territorial planning, local government laws, and laws of metropolitan areas. To check the status of development of future laws, we have used the institutional websites of parliaments. The analyzed plans have been the territorial plans of the Autonomous Regions. One has resorted to the web sites of the Department of State and the Department of the Autonomous Region, in order to verify the condition of development of the territorial planning. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows: - An expose of the legal techniques to solve the metropolitan phenomenon in each Autonomous Region. - A systematic analysis of the legal techniques to solve the metropolitan phenomenon throughout the Spanish territory. We have studied the metropolitan area, the associations of municipalities and the local consortia, the island, the province and the comarca, the single-province autonomous region, the territorial planning and the inter-administrative agreements. - The study of the metropolitan regional plans throughout the Spanish state, with particular attention to those of Andalusia. The special study of the Andalusian case is justified in that this is the Autonomous Region where further impetus has been given to planning. - The perceived failure of the legal technique of the metropolitan area in Spain, and the reasons for such failure. - The confirmation of the success of the legal techniques of solving the metropolitan phenomenon that provide more flexibility, such as associations of municipalities and local consortia. - The assertion that the principle of differentiation is the principle which governs the legal solution of the metropolitan phenomenon in Spain. The conclusions of this paper are the verification of the variety of legal techniques for the solution of metropolitan phenomenon, and the important role played by associations of local authorities, and territorial plans.