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Pour une monnaie européenne

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  • Jean-Marcel Jeanneney

Abstract

[eng] A european currency would increase the mobility of the factors of production between the countries involved. It would also offset the power of the dollar and the yen. It is, therefore, desirable. . The ecu must not be just another currency being used at the same time as national currencies, whose values would probably take different courses. It must take their place and be unique. It will be defined neither as a permanently weighted average of the national currencies nor as a weight of gold. Its value will be determined once and for all on the basis of the national currencies just before they vanish. As it will be legal tender, it will be used as a means of payment. Furthermore it will be accepted as a reserve currency if the European central bank managed it adequately. This Bank must be independent of governments and unable to grant loans to the states. It must enforce identical short-term credit conditions in all the countries using its currency. . Creating the écu as a genuine currency is a matter of urgency. The EMS certainly has advantages, but its drawbacks are considerable as exchange rates can be reviewed and the French franc is subordinated to the DM. The alternative solution consists recurrent devaluations of the franc either in the frame work of the EMS or out of it would be counterproductive for the french economy. . It is true that accepting the ecu on the face of it implies giving up national monetary sovereignty. But this sovereignty has always been more or less illusory, and would in fact be stronger should it be delegated and shared in the Framework of a European institution. [fre] Une monnaie européenne est souhaitable, car elle accroîtra la mobilité des facteurs de production entre les pays l'utilisant et elle équilibrera la puissance du dollar et du yen. . L'écu ne doit pas être une monnaie parallèle aux monnaies nationales, dont la valeur risquerait d'évoluer différemment, mais s'y substituer et être unique. Il ne sera pas défini par une panier de monnaies, ni par un poids d'or. Sa valeur sera initialement fixée par référence aux monnaies nationales disparaissant. Son cours légal le fera accepter dans tous les paiements. Et il sera admis comme réserve de valeur si la Banque centrale européenne le gère convenablement. Cette Banque devra être indépendante des gouvernements, ne pouvoir faire des prêts aux Etats et assurer des conditions de crédit à court terme identiques dans tous les pays utilisant sa monnaie. . La création de l'écu, en tant que vraie monnaie, est urgente, parce que le SME, malgré ses mérites, a de graves inconvénients, les taux pivots de change étant révisables et le franc se trouvant, en fait, subordonné au mark. L'autre solution, qui consisterait à dévaluer périodiquement le franc, soit au sein du SME, soit en en sortant, serait néfaste pour l'économie française. . L'adoption de l'écu impliquerait certes, en apparence, le renoncement à une souveraineté monétaire nationale. Mais celle-ci a toujours été plus ou moins illusoire. Déléguée et partagée au sein d'une institution européenne, elle serait, sous une autre forme, plus réelle.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marcel Jeanneney, 1989. "Pour une monnaie européenne," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(1), pages 127-134.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1989_num_26_1_1165
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1989.1165
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1989.1165
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    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1826 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Catherine Bruno & Jacques Le Cacheux & Catherine Mathieu, 1991. "L'Union monétaire européenne : état des lieux, projets et enjeux," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(1), pages 93-142.

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