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Les défauts des comptes à prix constants

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  • Françoise Charpin

Abstract

[eng] Pitfalls in Constant Price Accounting Françoise Charpin Very soon, the national accounts at 1980 prices will be available. This change of the base-year was badly needed. As a matter of fact the farther the past the base year, the more troublesome it becomes, because the relative prices of some goods have varied enormously. Since 1970 oil and equipment goods prices have changed considerably relative to the general price level, the former increasing and the latter decreasing. This causes biases in the measurement of volumes and prices of imports and industrial investment as evaluated at 1970 prices ; in both cases volumes are over-estimated and prices under-estimated. However, changing the base quite often does not solve the problem of measurement of long-term evolutions. The accounts at 1980 prices will not describe the true variations of volume and price of imports and industrial investment in the seventies. When comparing volume and prices of aggregates between two distant periods chain index numbers have to be used, as it is normally done for conjoncturel index numbers (consumer price index for instance). Nevertheless, this method does not lead to balanced accounts. The results of both methods for evaluating volumes are compared over 1970-1985 period and their respective advantages and drawbacks discussed. [fre] Bientôt les comptes nationaux en base 1980 seront disponibles. Ce changement de base devenait indispensable. En effet l'ancienneté de la base des comptes peut être très gênante dans un contexte où les prix relatifs de certains biens varient fortement. Depuis 1970 le prix du pétrole et le prix des biens d'équipement ont beaucoup évolué relativement à l'ensemble des prix, l'un à la hausse et l'autre à la baisse. Il en résulte que les évolutions, en volume et en prix, des importations et de l'investissement des entreprises calculées à partir de comptes aux prix 1970 sont biaisées ; dans les deux cas les volumes sont surestimés et les prix sous-estimés. Cependant, changer de base relativement souvent ne résout pas le problème de la mesure des évolutions à long terme. Les comptes aux prix 1980 ne décriront pas les évolutions réelles du volume et du prix des importations et de l'investissement des entreprises au cours des années soixante-dix. Entre des périodes éloignées les comparaisons de volume et de prix d'agrégats ne peuvent valablement se faire qu'en utilisant un indice chaîne, comme il est d'usage pour les indices conjoncturels (l'indice des prix à la consommation par exemple). Toutefois cette méthode ne permet pas d'obtenir des comptes équilibrés. Les résultats des deux méthodes d'évaluation des volumes sont comparées sur la période 1970-1985, leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs discutés.

Suggested Citation

  • Françoise Charpin, 1987. "Les défauts des comptes à prix constants," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(1), pages 189-207.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1987_num_20_1_1105
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1987.1105
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1987.1105
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    1. Valérie Chauvin, 2000. "Les comptables nationaux s'accordent entre eux. Modification de la comptabilité nationale en France," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 72(1), pages 157-183.

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