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Appréciation des stocks, profit, autofinancement et comptabilité nationale

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  • Michael Anyadike-Danes

Abstract

[eng] The measurement of corporate profits has been a controversial subject almost since the emergence of national accounting in it's modern form in the mid-1930's. A particular difficulty has always surrounded the treatment of changes in the value of the stocks of goods held by enterprises since these are generally measured by national accountants in a way which differs from their treatment by private accountants. The difference derives from the practice adopted in the national accounts of deducting « stock appreciation » (the change in the cost of replacing those stocks used up during an accounting period) from business profits and the value of stockbuilding. Although this deduction has little effect when the rate of inflation is low and relatively stable it becomes larger, and more important, when making comparisons across years when inflation has been relatively high and variable. Among the effects of such a deduction is to reduce both the ratio of profits to sales and the self-financing ratio in periods of relatively rapid inflation and increase them both when inflation slows down ; moreover such a practice can affect quite significantly the inferences made about the factors which determine the bahaviour of these two ratios. An alternative approach to measurement, which follows private accounting practice by including stock appreciation, leads to the conclusion that the profit share in France has been at much the same level since the mid-1 970's as it was during most of the 1960's and that there has been little evidence of a strong trend in the self-financing ratio over the last two decades. [fre] Depuis la conception dans les années trente de la comptabilité nationale dans sa forme moderne, la procédure d'évaluation de la valeur des stocks est sujette à controverse. La règle généralement adoptée par les comptables nationaux est de soustraire des variations de stocks et donc des profits des entreprises et du revenu national cette partie de la variation de la valeur d'un stock qui n'est due qu'à l'inflation, qualifiée d'appréciation. En comptabilité privée au contraire les comptes des entreprises ne sont pas corrigés de cette appréciation dans la mesure où les plus-values sur stocks n'influencent les profits que si, et au moment où, elles sont réalisées à l'occasion de ventes. Dans cet article on se propose de mettre en évidence les conséquences de la prise en considération de l'appréciation des stocks dans l'évaluation de la part des profits dans la valeur ajoutée et dans celle du ratio d'autofinancement des entreprises. Les évolutions corrigées et non corrigées de l'appréciation divergent fortement. Par exemple les séries calculées à partir des règles de la comptabilité privée font apparaître que la part des profits en France est dans la seconde moitié des années soixante-dix relativement stable et sensiblement égale à son niveau des années soixante. Faut-il fonder l'analyse du comportement des entreprises sur des données qu'elles saisissent directement et qui incluent l'appréciation ou sur les grandeurs abstraites qui apparaissent dans les comptes nationaux ?

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Anyadike-Danes, 1984. "Appréciation des stocks, profit, autofinancement et comptabilité nationale," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 9(1), pages 125-136.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1984_num_9_1_1002
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1984.1002
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1984.1002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. The Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, 1937. "Studies in Income and Wealth, Volume 1," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number unkn37-1, May.
    2. Simon Kuznets, 1937. "Changing Inventory Valuations and Their Effect on Business Savings and on National Income Produced," NBER Chapters, in: Studies in Income and Wealth, Volume 1, pages 144-172, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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