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Succès et déclin du commerce colonial français, de la Révolution à la Restauration

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  • Paul Butel

Abstract

[eng] Growth and decline of French colonial trade (1793-1830) . . A general rise in the value of the colonies, both as exporters and importers in the eighteenth century, in relation to the progress of the French sugar islands, of Saint-Domingue especially, was the most amazing phenomenon in trade development. The impact of the French Wars in the 1790's and 1800's was significant : the outbreak of revolution and war in the French West Indies gave new opportunities to London and New-York which became the most dynamic ports because they took advantage of the growth of new colonial areas, as Spanish islands, Cuba. The dismantling of French trade altered the rules of competition in caribbean area. Howewer, under the cover of a neutral flag, part of the French trade to the West Indies was not negligible.. In 1815, the French West Indies were recovered in Martinique and Guadeloupe but with the black victory Saint-Domingue bas been lost. French colonial trade bas been superseded by the american and british trade. Ports like Le Havre were chief suppliers of the industrial areas while old entrepot ports like Bordeaux declined. But new markets were opened in Spanish area and that trade gave new returns to Bordeaux or Nantes. [fre] Succès et déclin du commerce colonial français, de la Révolution à la Restauration. . A l'âge d'or créé par le boom des trafics coloniaux, à la veille des guerres révolutionnaires, autour de l'exploitation des richesses antillaises, en particulier des productions de sucre et de café à Saint-Domingue, a succédé une phase d'instabilité sous la Révolution et l'Empire. Le maintien des échanges permis par l'utilisation des navires neutres n'empêche pas le début de mutations profondes, marquées par l'émergence du négoce anglo-américain dans la Caraïbe : Londres comme New York devinrent les pôles de développement de l'économie commer­ciale européenne en profitant d'une nouvelle expansion des Antilles anglaises et espagnoles.. En 1815, en dépit du rétablissement de l'Ancien Régime colonial, les trafics français Outre-Mer sont de plus en plus concurrencés par leurs rivaux britannique ou américain. Les ports « industriels » comme Le Havre acquièrent la prédominance sur les ports d'entrepôt, c'est le relatif déclin de Bordeaux sous la Restauration. Cependant, de nouvelles orientations commerciales vers l'Amérique latine évitent un recul trop marqué des anciens ports coloniaux.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Butel, 1989. "Succès et déclin du commerce colonial français, de la Révolution à la Restauration," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(6), pages 1079-1096.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1989_num_40_6_409186
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    Cited by:

    1. Jonna M. Yarrington, 2018. "Sucre indigène and sucre colonial: Reconsidering the splitting of the French national sugar market, 1800–1860," Economic Anthropology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(1), pages 20-31, January.

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