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La microfinance solidaire

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  • Michel Lecomte

Abstract

[fre] Le microcrédit social est un concept original pour lutter contre l’exclusion bancaire. Expérimenté dès 2004, il a vu son intérêt reconnu l’année suivante par la création du Fonds de cohésion sociale qui, avec des ressources de l’État, apporte sa garantie aux banques qui le délivrent. À la différence du microcrédit professionnel qui vise à la création d’une activité professionnelle, il s’adresse aux ménages pour des projets de vie. La garantie reçue permet d’élargir la population des bénéficiaires sans recourir à des augmentations de taux. En ce sens, il s’agit plus d’une démarche de solidarité nationale que d’une mutualisation des emprunteurs. Un dispositif d’accompagnement des bénéficiaires complète l’originalité de ce type de crédit. Les premiers résultats ont largement validé le concept de départ. Néanmoins le développement du microcrédit social passe maintenant par une meilleure définition des buts poursuivis et par une élaboration plus fine du produit. À ce titre, il faut lui reconnaître une spécificité et en déduire toutes les conséquences. On ne peut, en outre, ignorer les conditions ou les exigences de sa distribution par les banques. . Classification JEL : D14, G29, Z13 [eng] Microfinance to low-income households . Low-income microcredit is an innovative concept to combat exclusion from the financial system. Instituted in 2004, microcredit saw its benefit recognized the following year through the creation of the Fund for Social Cohesion that, with Government resources, was able to provide guarantees to those banks offering such lending. Contrary to entrepreneurial microcredit, which aims at creating a business activity, microcredit is offered to households to save and plan for future needs. The guarantee that has been extended allows the population of beneficiaries to grow without recourse to rate hikes. In this sense, microfinance is more of a national social cohesion initiative than a pool for borrowers. Counselling and support to the beneficiaries completes the originality of this type of credit. The initial results have largely validated this innovative concept. However, the development of low-income microcredit requires a clearer definition of its goals and more fine-grained product development. Accordingly, its specificity must be recognized, including the consequences that derive from it. Moreover, its terms or the requirements for its distribution through banks cannot be overlooked. . JEL classification : D14, G29, Z13

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Lecomte, 2008. "La microfinance solidaire," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 92(2), pages 183-195.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2008_num_92_2_5091
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2008.5091
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2008.5091
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • G29 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Other
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification
    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • G29 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Other
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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