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Agences de notation et contrôle prudentiel dans l'euroland

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  • Thierry Sessin

Abstract

[fre] Les mécanismes de discipline de marché présents à l’extérieur et à l’intérieur des banques, contribuent à améliorer l’efficience des marchés financiers et à motiver le contrôle externe. De leur côté, les agences de notation qui totalisent des informations fragmentées dans la finance globalisée ne répondent pas à des normes ou à des règles du jeu communes. Avec l’intégration monétaire européenne, la maîtrise de l’évaluation de la qualité des signatures et des émetteurs de dettes, quelles que soient leurs origines revêt un enjeu fondamental. En effet, une fois les dernières protections nationales levées, les agences de notation vont devoir hiérarchiser la qualité des signatures et attribuer des primes de risque. L’objet de cette recherche consiste à insister sur le rôle des agences de notation. Notre idée est qu’il faut aller vers l’instauration d’une accréditation sous la forme d’un passeport européen pour les agences de notation. Ce passeport serait conditionné par le respect à des critères qualitatifs et quantitatifs pour les agences intervenant dans la zone euro. De la sorte, des agences accréditées seraient certainement moins critiquées par les notés eux-mêmes. L’accréditation pourrait être accordée par les régulateurs bancaires ou de marché, ou mieux encore, par une future SEC européenne. Dans son contenu, l’accréditation des agences aurait pour premier critère l’exigence que leurs appréciations soient positivement corrélées avec le risque de défaut des banques ou des émetteurs. Il faut établir une mesure de la qualité prédictive des notes des agences, de façon à faire planer le principe du retrait de l’accréditation des agences qui auraient tendance à sous-estimer systématiquement les crises bancaires et monétaires. Il faut également encourager l’adoption de système d’alerte d’urgence destiné à anticiper les détériorations brutales de l’environnement macro-économique monétaire et financier. [eng] Rating Agencies and prudential control in Euroland . The market discipline mechanisms that are present both within and outside banks contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of financial markets and to the motivation of external control. For their part, the rating agencies which gather the fragmented data from the global financial system do not conform to common standards or common rules. With European monetary integration, mastery of the assessment of counterparts and debt issuers, whatever their origins, takes on fundamental importance. Indeed, once the last national protections have been lifted, the rating agencies will have to rank the quality of issuers and fix risk premiums. The aim of this research consists in focusing on the role of the rating agencies. Our idea is that it is necessary to move towards accreditation of the rating agencies in the form of a European passport. This passport would be dependent on the respect of qualitative and quantitative criteria by the agencies operating in the euro zone. Thus the accredited agencies would be less criticised by the rated companies themselves. The accreditation could be awarded by banking or market regulators, or better still, by a future European SEC. Regarding content, agency accreditation could have as a first criterion the necessity that the ratings have a positive correlation with the risk of banks or issuers default. A measure of the predictive quality of agencies’ ratings must be established in order put forward the principle of withdrawing the accreditation of agencies that have a tendency systematically to underestimate banking and monetary crises. Equally the adoption of a system of early warning system must be encouraged in order to be able to anticipate serious deterioration in the macro-economic, monetary and financial environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Thierry Sessin, 1998. "Agences de notation et contrôle prudentiel dans l'euroland," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(4), pages 75-92.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1998_num_48_4_4585
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1998.4585
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1998.4585
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    1. Michel Aglietta & Laurence Scialom & Thierry Sessin, 2000. "Pour une politique prudentielle européenne," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 60(5), pages 59-84.

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