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Progrès scientifique et analyse économique des droits de propriété intellectuelle

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  • Bruno Deffains

Abstract

[fre] L'objectif de cet article est d'apprécier dans quelle mesure l'étendue de la protection dont bénéficie un inventeur via le système des droits de propriété intellectuelle constitue un stimulant au progrès scientifique. Entre les partisans d'une protection étendue en raison d'une meilleure coordination de la recherche et ceux d'une « concurrence créatrice » privilégiant une protection limitée, un certain vide analytique subsiste en raison d'une insuffisante prise en compte de l'incertitude inhérente à la protection par le Droit. Les motivations du dépôt de brevets par les firmes dépendent d'une hypothèse cruciale selon laquelle la détention d'un brevet constitue un moyen de défense effectif. Or, la protection n'est jamais parfaite, car les contrefaçons s'avèrent coûteuses à identifier et à poursuivre devant les tribunaux. Le comportement d'innovation des firmes dépend donc non seulement de la façon dont leurs produits sont protégés, mais aussi des indemnités à verser à leurs rivales titulaires d'un brevet et des frais de justice en cas de procès. Comme l'illustrent les cas du médicament et du logiciel, les firmes confrontées aux coûts anticipés les plus élevés s'efforcent d'échapper aux conflits en évitant de déposer des brevets dans des domaines où des firmes ayant des coûts attendus plus faibles sont déjà présentes. [eng] The objective of the paper is to appreciate in what extent the scope of intellectual property rights is an incentive to scientific progress. Two thesis are opposed, the first justifies large scope on grounds of a better research coordination and the second defends a narrow scope on grounds of « creatrive competition ». Between these two focuses, an analytic gap exists because the incertitude of patent law is always neglected. This gap is a paradox which implies to study the true motivations of patents'deposit by firms. The trials'fear encourages firms to adopt strategic behavior to share information or to threaten rivals. However, in litigation cases, judges have to verify the true novelty of products, which make the patent scope always incertain ex ante. The firms innovation behavior not only depends of technology protection, but also of litigation costs and payments to rivals which pocess patents. Such as in pharmaceuticals and software cases, firms that have high litigation costs will take greater precautions to avoid litigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno Deffains, 1997. "Progrès scientifique et analyse économique des droits de propriété intellectuelle," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 79(1), pages 95-118.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1997_num_79_1_1655
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1997.1655
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1997.1655
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    Cited by:

    1. Bessy, Christian & Brousseau, Eric, 1998. "Technology licensing contracts features and diversity1," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 451-489, December.
    2. Mohamed MABROUKI, 2018. "Patent Life And Scope: What Is The Optimal Combination?," Journal of Smart Economic Growth, , vol. 3(2), pages 71-105, December.
    3. Mabrouki, Mohamed, 2018. "Le brevet : un instrument efficace pour promouvoir l’innovation au profit de la croissance ou un mal nécessaire ? [Patent: an effective instrument to promote innovation for the benefit of growth or," MPRA Paper 85752, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Mohamed MABROUKI, 2018. "Determination Of Optimal Patent Length In Favor Of Innovation And Growth," Journal of Smart Economic Growth, , vol. 3(1), pages 57-75, Juin.

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