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State policies and industrial upgrading in East Asia

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  • Gary Gereffi

Abstract

[eng] The East Asian nations have been labeled "miracle economies" because of their unparalleled record of rapid economic growth and social equity over the past several decades. There has been considerable disagreement, however, over the explanation for this superior performance. While the World Bank now acknowledges the coexistence of activist public policies and rapid growth in the high-performing Asian economies (HPAE's), it gives primary emphasis to East Asia's "market-friendly" forms of state intervention in fundamental policies, such as macroeconomic stability, high saving and investment rates, promoting education, and an early and continuing commitment to the export of manufactures. Critics of the World Bank's interpretation, on the other hand, contend that selective industrial policy may be more important, and exports less important, in East Asia's experience than the Bank suggests. What adherents of both the market and state sides of this debate tend to ignore are the microinstitutional foundations of the macroeconomic basics. A substantial part of East Asian competitiveness drives from its success in industrial upgrading, which requires these economies to move to higher value-added niches on global commodity chains, and to shift from labor-intensive to more technology — and skill-intensive export roles. [fre] Les économies des Nouveaux Pays Industrialisés de l'Asie du Sud-Est ont été caractérisées d'économies miracle grâce à leur taux de croissance économique sans précédent sur plusieurs décennies. Il existe par contre un désaccord profond sur l'explication du phénomène. D'une part, la Banque mondiale reconnaît l'existence de politiques économiques agressives mais accorde la priorité aux formes libérales d'intervention publique, limitée aux politiques de stabilité macroéconomique, de haut taux d'épargne et d'investissement, d'éducation et d'engagement initial et soutenu pour l'exportation. D'autre part les critiques de la Banque mondiale avancent que les politiques industrielles sont des facteurs considérablement plus importants que les exportations dans le développement des nouveaux pays industrialisés d'Asie. Mais les deux protagonistes oublient pareillement l'importance que tiennent les microfondations des comportements macroéconomiques. Une part substantielle de la compétitivité de l'Asie vient des performances industrielles qui demandent une mutation des productions existantes vers davantage de valeur ajoutée la long de chaînes ou de filières de production globales et la mutation d'industries intensives en travail vers des industries d'exportation intensives en technologies et en connaissances.

Suggested Citation

  • Gary Gereffi, 1995. "State policies and industrial upgrading in East Asia," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 71(1), pages 79-90.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1995_num_71_1_1558
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1995.1558
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1995.1558
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    Cited by:

    1. Liefner, Ingo & Schiller, Daniel, 2008. "Academic capabilities in developing countries--A conceptual framework with empirical illustrations from Thailand," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 276-293, March.

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