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Les causes d'une récession

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  • Éric Dubois
  • Catherine Meunier
  • Jean-Pierre Villetelle

Abstract

[spa] Causas de una recesión - Los países de la OCDE registraron, a partir de 1983, un crecimiento sostenido que alcanzô un porcentaje superior al 2,5%. En 1990 se inicia un retroceso : el crecimiento se situa en un porcentaje inferior al 2,5%. En 1991 esta inversion debería amplificarse con un crecimiento del orden de un 1%. . Las causas de esta situación no parecen hallarse en la contribution externa o en la de los saldos públicos. Por el contrario, el levé resugimiento de la inflación, desde 1989, empuja las tasas de ahorro al alza, deprimiendo de este modo el consumo mientras que la desinflación précédente había disminuido las tasas de ahorro y estimulado el consumo. Por otra parte, en 1990, la subida de jas tasas de interés reales, ejerce un peso sobre el conjunto de los comportamientos : directamente sobre el consumo, la inversion en viviendas y la formación de stocks, indirectamente, sobre la inversion empresarial mediante la tasa de benefició. Por ultimo, factores especifícos afectan la demanda de los hogares en los Estados Unidos, en el Reino Unido y en Canada. Se trata de efectos de riqueza negativos, ligados en particular a la baja de los mercados inmobiliarios de esos países, al ajuste necesario motivado por el sobreendeudamiento de los hogares así como a las consecuecias de la baja del precio de los activos financieros : es lo que transforma la ralentizaciôn en recesión. . Así, los países anglosajones se encuentran en el centra de la recesión actual y estarán también en el centra del despegue esperado. En efecto, la evolución desfavorable de los mercados financieros parece ya superada y las tensiones inflacionarias se moderan. Si tales evoluciones se confirman, las mismas constituirán un factor determinante del despegue. [eng] The Causes of a Recession - Since 1983 the economic growth of OECD countries had been steady and above 2.5 %. In 1990 there was the beginning of a reversal in trend: the growth dropped back to less than 2.5 %. In 1991 , this downward trend should accelerate and the growth should be around 1 %. . It seems that the causes of this reversal cannot be attributed to either the foreign exchange or the public balance account. However, the slight increase in inflation since 1989 is causing the savings rate to rise and, as a result, consumption to drop, whereas the previous deflation resulted in the savings rate to drop and boosted consumption. On the other hand, the 1990 rise in real interest rates is having an effect on overall behaviors: it has a direct effect on consumption, the investment in housing and stockpiling; it also has an indirect effect on the investment of companies through their rate of profit. Lastly, specific factors . affect the demand of households in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. These could consist of the negative effects of wealth and, in particular those connected both to the drop in real estate values in these countries, and to the adjustment that has become necessary due to the overindebtedness of households, as well as to the consequences of the drop in the values of financial assets. These factors transform the slackening economy into a recession. . Thus Anglo-Saxon countries are at the heart of the present recession, but they will also be at the heart of the expected recovery. The unfavorable trends of the stock- marmet already seem to have been curbed, while the inflationist trends are dropping. If these trends persist, they will constitute an important factor of recovery. [fre] Les pays de l'OCDE connaissaient depuis 1983 une croissance soutenue, au-dessus de 2,5 %. En 1990, s'amorce un retournement : la croissance revient en dessous de 2,5 %. En 1991, cette évolution devrait s'amplifier avec une croissance de l'ordre de 1 %. . Les causes de ce retournement ne semblent pas devoir être trouvées dans la contribution de l'extérieur ou dans celle des soldes publics. Par contre, la légère résurgence de l'inflation depuis 1 989 pousse les taux d'épargne à la hausse et déprime ainsi la consommation, alors qu'au contraire la désinflation qui l'avait précédée avait abaissé les taux d'épargne et stimulé la consommation. Par ailleurs, la remontée des taux d'intérêt réels en 1990 pèse sur l'ensemble des comportements : directement sur la consommation, sur l'investissement en logement et la formation des stocks : indirectement sur l'investissement des entreprises par le biais du taux de profit. Enfin, des facteurs spécifiques affectent la demande des ménages aux Etats-Unis, au Royaume-Uni et au Canada. Il pourrait s'agir d'effets de richesse négatifs, liés en particulier à la baisse des marchés immobiliers de ces pays, à l'ajustement rendu nécessaire par le surendettement des ménages, ainsi qu'aux conséquences de la baisse du prix des actifs financiers. Ces facteurs transforment le ralentissement en récession. . Les pays anglo-saxons sont ainsi au coeur de la récession actuelle, mais ils seront aussi au cœur de la reprise attendue. En effet, l'évolution défavorable des marchés boursiers semble déjà enrayée tandis que les tensions inflationnistes se modèrent. Si ces évolutions se confirment, elles constitueront un facteur déterminant de reprise.

Suggested Citation

  • Éric Dubois & Catherine Meunier & Jean-Pierre Villetelle, 1991. "Les causes d'une récession," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 245(1), pages 49-58.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_245_1_5595
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1991.5595
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1991.5595
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    1. Meunier, J., 1996. "Optical properties of plane and rough interfaces in the electrostatic approximation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 230(1), pages 27-52.
    2. Castillo, R. & Ramos, S. & Ruiz-Garcia, J., 1997. "Brewster angle microscopy of fullerene monolayers," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 236(1), pages 105-113.
    3. Bonn, Daniel & Pauchard, Ludovic & Shahidzadeh, Noushine & Meunier, Jacques, 1999. "Optical studies of low-dimensional phase transitions," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 263(1), pages 78-94.

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