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Taille des établissements et effets de seuil

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  • Gérard Lang
  • Claude Thélot

Abstract

[fre] Construire une distribution des établissements selon le nombre de leurs salariés n'est pas chose aisée. Les sources existantes souffrent en effet de plusieurs défauts, comme leurs délais de mise à jour ou la spécificité des concepts sur lesquels elles reposent. Malgré ces difficultés, il est possible de mettre en évidence un effet de seuil autour de dix et de cinquante salariés. Ainsi, la décroissance du nombre des établissements se ralentit entre huit et neuf salariés, puis s'accélère entre dix et onze puis onze et douze salariés. Cette observation est confirmée par une analyse diachronique : les établissements ayant neuf salariés en octobre 1981 sont par exemple « trop peu nombreux » à être passés à dix salariés trois ans plus tard. Ces effets, au demeurant assez limités, sont sans doute dus aux obligations financières et sociales auxquels sont soumis les entreprises ou les établissements qui franchissent les seuils de dix ou onze, puis de cinquante salariés. Peut-on chiffrer leurs conséquences en termes d'effectifs? Répondre à cette question est très difficile. Un ajustement statistique, qui majore sans doute le gain net, conduit à une évaluation comprise entre 15 000 et 50 000 emplois. [spa] Tamano de las empresas y efectos de tope - Elaborar una distribución de empresas según el numéro de sus asalariados no es tarea fácil. Las fuentes existentes presentan en efecto varias imperfecciones, tales como plazos de puesta al día o especificidad de los conceptos en los que estriban. A pesar de dichas dificultades, es factible evidenciar un efecto de tope alrededor de diez y de cincuenta asalariados. Asi pues, el decrecimiento del número de empresas se ralentiza entre ocho y nueve asalariados, y se accelera entre diez y once, luego once y doce. Esta observación se vé confirmada por un análisis diacrónico : las empresas que contaban nueve asalariados en octubre de 1981 son, por ejemplo, «muy poco numerosas» al contar con diez asalariados tres años más tarde. Dichos efectos, después de todo bastante limitados, se deben sin duda a los compromisos financieros y sociales a los que están sometidas las empresas o los establecimientos que pasan de diez u once, y luego de cincuenta asalariados. ¿Es factible cifrar sus consecuencias en términos de número de personas? Resulta sumamente diffcil responder a esta pregunta. Un ajuste estadfstico, que sobrestima sin duda la ganancia neta encarrila a una valoración comprendida entre 15 000 y 50 000 empleos. [eng] Size of establishments and threshold effects - The construction of a distribution of establishments according to the number of their salaried employees is not easy. The existing sources suffer from several defects, such as delays in up-dating or the specificity of the concepts on which they are based. In spite of these difficulties, it is possible to show a threshold effect which occurs around ten and around fifty employees. For example, the decrease in the number of establishments slows down between eight and nine employees and accelerates between ten and eleven and then eleven and twelve. This observation is confirmed by a diachronic analysis: establishments having nine salaried employees in October 1981. for example, were "too few in number" to have past to ten employees three years later. These effects, while remaining rather limited, are no doubt due to financial and social obligations to which the firms and establishments which pass the thresholds of ten or eleven, or then of fifty employees are subjected. Can the consequences of these threshold effects be calculated in terms of the number of workers? This question is very difficult to answer. A statistical adjustment, which no doubt increases the net gain, leads to a total evaluation of between 15,000 and 50,000 jobs.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard Lang & Claude Thélot, 1985. "Taille des établissements et effets de seuil," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 173(1), pages 3-16.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1985_num_173_1_4929
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1985.4929
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1985.4929
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    Cited by:

    1. Olivier Favereau, 1989. "Marchés internes, marchés externes," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(2), pages 273-328.

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