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Disparités régionales, croissance et crise

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  • Etienne Turpin

Abstract

[fre] Entre le recensement de 1954 et celui de 1975, la structure des emplois en région a tendance à s'uniformiser du fait de la décentralisation industrielle (surtout des biens d'équipement) dans les régions les plus fortement touchées par l'exode rural; le tertiaire, instrument de la politique d'aménagement du territoire, s'est développé de façon quasi-uniforme. Le phénomène s'accompagne d'une meilleure résistance des régions rurales à la montée du chômage observée à partir de 1962, d'une réduction de l'attraction de l'Ile-de-France, d'un rapprochement des salaires moyens régionaux et des taux d'activité féminins en province. Le passage en 1974 à une croissance ralentie aurait pu compromettre le rééquilibrage des régions : c'est d'ailleurs ce que laissait attendre l'évolution de l'emploi et du chômage en 1975 et 1976. Pourtant sur l'ensemble de la période 1975-1979, les régions anciennement rurales s'accommodent mieux des difficultés économiques : l'exode rural se ralentit, tandis que la poussée du tertiaire se maintient et que l'industrie de ces régions est moins atteinte que celle des grands centres industriels. L'Ouest et le Languedoc - Roussillon connaissent entre 1975 et 1980 une progression des demandes d'emploi auprès de l'ANPE plus forte qu'au niveau national mais moindre que dans la partie septentrionale du pays (Nord - Pas-de-Calais, Haute-Normandie, Picardie, Champagne-Ardenne et Lorraine). [spa] Discrepancias régionales, crecimienta y crisis - Entre el censo de 1954 y el de 1975, la estructura de los empleos en las regiones propende a uniformizarse a raiz de la descentralización industrial (sobre todo en bienes de equipo) en las regiones del terrnas afectadas por el éxodo rural; el desarrollo del terciario, instrumento de la política de ordenación ritorio se efectúa de manera casi uniforme. El fenómeno va acompanado por una mejor resistencia de las regiones rurales a la subida del desempleo observada a partir de 1962, de una merma de la atracción ejercida por la region de Ile-de-France, de un cotejo de los salarios medios regionales y de las tasas de actividad femenina en provincias. El pasar, en 1974, a un crecimiento ralentizado hubiere podido comprometer el reequilibrio de las regiones : lo cual era, por cierto, lo que se solia esperar a raiz de la evolución del empleo y del desempleo en 1975 y 1976. No obstante, en el conjunto del período de 1975-1978, las regiones anti-guamente rurales se ayienen mejor de las dificultades económicas : el exodo rural se va ralentizando mientras que el empuje del terciario se mantiene y que la industria de estas regiones se vé menos perjudicada que la de los grandes centros industriales. El Oeste y Languedoc-Rosellón experimentan entre 1975 y 1980 un incremento de la demanda de empleos al ANPE de mayor consideración que a nivel nacional si bien menos elevado que en la parte septentrional del país (Norte - Pas-de-Calais, Alta-Normandia, Picardia, Champana-Ardena y Lorena). [eng] Regional Disparities, Growth, and the Crisis - Between the 1954 census and that of 1975, the distribution of different categories of jobs tended to become more uniform throughout French regions due to industrial decentralization (especially regarding capital goods) in the regions hardest hit by the rural exodus. The tertiary sector — a key element for national development policies — developed in a nearly uniform way. Accompanying this phenomenon was the fact that rural regions were better able to resist the increased unemployment which began in 1962. At the same time, migration to the Ile-de-France region declined and the differences between the average salaries and the rates of employment of women throughout the different regions of France diminished. The slowdown in growth which began in 1974 could have compromised the balance which was being established among regions; indeed, trends of hiring and unemployment in 1975 and 1976 suggested that such was the case. Nevertheless, Over the entire 1975-1978 period, former rural regions were able to adapt relatively well to economic difficulties. There was a slowdown in the rural exodus, while the growth of the tertiary sector was maintained and industry within these regions was less hard hit than in the major industrial centers. Nevertheless, the regions of the West and of Languedoc-Roussillon showed, between 1975 and 1980, an increase in requests for jobs with the Agence nationale pour l'emploi which was greater than the national average, but which was less than in the regions of the North (Nord - Pas-de-Calais, Haute-Normandie, Picardie, Champagne-Ardenne, and Lorraine).

Suggested Citation

  • Etienne Turpin, 1981. "Disparités régionales, croissance et crise," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 133(1), pages 77-99.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1981_num_133_1_4493
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1981.4493
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1981.4493
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    Cited by:

    1. Virginie Amand-Madelin & Jacques Maliverney & Claude Minni, 1990. "L'industrie se déplace vers l'ouest et le sud-ouest," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 230(1), pages 55-64.
    2. SAHIBI, Youness & HAMZAOUI, Moustapha, 2017. "Spatial Inequality of Growth between Morocco Regions," MPRA Paper 84564, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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