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Les qualifications ouvrières en question

Author

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  • Michel Cézard

Abstract

[fre] S'il est un phénomène compliqué à mettre en évidence statistiquement, c'est bien la qualification des emplois. C'est pourtant ce qui est tenté ici pour la qualification des ouvriers des industries de transformation. Après avoir rappelé les équivoques du mot qualification et les difficultés de la mesure, liées surtout au fait que les réponses aux enquêtes et aux recensements de la population se font toujours peu ou prou par référence aux grilles de salaires, l'auteur dégage quelques points de repère sur l'évolution des qualifications dans trois grandes catégories d'activités : biens d'équipement, biens destinés à la consommation des ménages et biens intermédiaires. Au terme de cette anal/se, qui s'appuie largement sur les observations directes effectuées par le Centre d'Études de l'Emploi, il apparaît que la qualification ouvrière, très menacée dans de nombreux secteurs, essentiellement ceux produisant en grande série, garde des positions fortes dans les activités de mise au point des outillages et les services d'entretien. Enfin, contrairement à ce qu'on aurait pu penser, il ne semble pas que la qualification réelle des ouvriers surveillant les installations automatisées soit en général très élevée. [eng] Workers' skills are put to question - The level of skills existing in different jobs is one of the most difficult phenomena to describe statistically. Nevertheless, this study will attempt to analyze the skills of workers in processing industries. The author begins by pointing out the ambiguity of the term « skills », and the difficulties involved in measuring them, difficulties which originate chiefly from the fact that the replies to surveys and the population census are always given, in one way or another, in the frame of reference of salary scales. Next, several guidelines are drawn up regarding the evolution of skills in three broad categories: equipment goods, household consumer goods and intermediate goods. A key conclusion of this study, which is broadly based on direct observations made by the Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi, is that worker qualifications, which are threatened in numerous sectors, remain in a strong position in the sectors of equipment installment and adjustment and of repair and maintenance services. Lastly, it appears, somewhat surprisingly, that the real qualifications of workers supervising automated installations are not, in general, of a high level. [spa] Preguntas sobre las calificaciônes obreras - Un fenómeno intrincado al que hay que poner de manifiesto en forma estadística es el de la calificación laboral. Es lo que se intenta en el presente artículo con relación a calificación profesional obrera de industrias transformadoras. Trás evocar los equívocos de la palabra calificación y los problemas de medida, debidos en su mayoría al hecho de que las respuestas que se recogen en encuestas y censos de la población se hacen, poco o mucho, con referencia al escalafón de salarios, el autor desprende unos cuantos puntos de referencia respecto a la evolución de calificación en très grandes categorías de actividad: bienes de equipo, bienes destinados al consumo de los hogares y bienes Intermedios. Trás este análisis, que estriba mayormente en observaciones directas efectuadas por el Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi (Centro de estudios del empleo), es factible verificar que la calificación obrera, sumamente vulnerable en numerosos sectores, especialmente los que producen en grandes series, se mantiene con firmeza en las actividades de acabado de utiles y servicios de mantenimiento. Finalmente y al contrario de lo que se esperaba, pareceque la calificación real de los obreros quevigilan las instalaciones automatizadas no es, por lo general, muy elevada.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Cézard, 1979. "Les qualifications ouvrières en question," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 110(1), pages 15-36.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1979_num_110_1_4254
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1979.4254
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1979.4254
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    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1979.4254
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jean-Claude Foubert, 1976. "Le répertoire français des emplois," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 81(1), pages 105-111.
    2. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1970_25n5_1017 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Louis Marthey, 1977. "La chimie de base : données pour un diagnostic," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 91(1), pages 45-67.
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