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La chimie de base : données pour un diagnostic

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  • Louis Marthey

Abstract

[fre] La chimie de base en France représente, avec 51 milliards de francs de chiffre d'affaires, 6 % de l'ensemble des ventes du secteur industriel (hors industries agricoles et alimentaires et entreprises de moins de 10 salariés). C'est une industrie très capitalistique, concentrée, fortement exportatrice (40,7 % de sa production, 8,9 % des exportations françaises) et faisant un grand effort de recherche. Elle comporte deux grands secteurs : la chimie minérale (engrais, chlore...) et la chimie organique qui livre sur le marché de nombreux produits (notamment les matières plastiques), issus d'un nombre réduit de matières de base en provenance essentiellement de la distillation du pétrole. Ayant connu un démarrage plus tardif que ses concurrentes étrangères, l'industrie chimique française a commencé à combler son retard à partir des années soixante. En vue d'améliorer sa rentabilité, elle a effectué des investissements considérables et entrepris des restructurations. Ces transformations allaient porter leurs fruits lorsqu'éclata la crise du pétrole en octobre 1973. La reprise de 1976 est-elle suffisante pour en effacer les séquelles? Faisant le bilan de l'évolution de la chimie de base au cours des dix dernières années, l'article de Louis Marthey fournit des éléments de réponse à cette question. [spa] La química básica : datos para un diagnóstico - La química básica en Francia representa con un giro de 51 mil millones de francos, un 6 % del conjunto de ventas de la rama industrial (excluyendo a las industrias agrícolas y alimentarias y las empresas que emplean menos de diez asalariados). Es una industria sumamente capitalística, concentrada, harto exportadora (un 40,7 % de su producción, un 8,9 % de las exportaciones francesas) y llevaba a cabo un gran esfuerzo de investigación. Comprende dos ramas de consideración : la química mineral (abonos, cloro, ...) y la quimica orgánica que suministra al mercado numerosos productos (especial mente materias plásticas) provenientes de un número reducido de materias básicas sacadas esencialmente de la distilación de petróleo. La industria qufmica francesa que experimentó un désarrollo más tardío que sus competidores extranjeros comenzó a compensar su retraso a partir de los an os del 60. Con miras a mejorar su rentabilidad, llevó a cabo inversiones considerables y emprendió reestructuraciones. Tales transformaciones hubieran surtido efecto de no haber estallado la crisis petrolera del ano 1973. ¿ Bastará la reactivación del ano 1976 para superar sus consecuencias? El artfculo de Louis Marthey, que hace el balance de la química de base en el transcurso de los diez ultimo anos, suministra elementos de respuesta a la interrogante planteada. [eng] The chemical industry : data for a diagnosis - The chemical industry in France represents, with a turnover of 51 billion francs, 6 % of the overall sales in the industrial sector (not including the agricultural and food industries and firms with less than ten employees). It is a highly capitalistic and concentrated industry, a major exporter (40 % of its production is exported — 8.9 % of French exports) and it maintains a great research effort. It consists of two broad sectors: mineral chemistry (fertilizers, chlorine) and organic chemistry, which provides the market with numerous products (notably plastics) derived from a limited number of base substances obtained essentially from petroleum refining. Although it got off to a late start compared with its foreign competitors, the French chemical industry began to catch up in the early sixties. In order to increase its profitability, considerable investments were made and structural changes were undertaken. These transformations were beginning to pay off when the oil crisis struck in October of 1973. Will the recovery of 1976 be sufficient to eliminate the remaining after-effects of the oil crisis? By analysing the evolution of the chemical industry over the past ten years, the article of Louis Marthey attempts to provide an answer to this question.

Suggested Citation

  • Louis Marthey, 1977. "La chimie de base : données pour un diagnostic," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 91(1), pages 45-67.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1977_num_91_1_3124
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1977.3124
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1977.3124
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    Cited by:

    1. Michel Cézard, 1979. "Les qualifications ouvrières en question," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 110(1), pages 15-36.

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