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Structure sociale des villes

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  • Xavier Debonneuil
  • Michel Gollac

Abstract

[fre] Dans 7 villes moyennes champenoises et picardes, dont Amiens et Reims, la répartition de la population reflète la hiérarchie sociale : on distingue nettement les quartiers populaires et les quartiers bourgeois, ces derniers étant choisis indifféremment par les cadres salariés et les patrons. En général, les catégories aisées occupent le centre, repoussant les couches populaires à l'extérieur de la ville. Pourtant les cartes sociales obtenues par regroupement de quartiers semblables ne font pas forcément apparaître une structure concentrique. Sectorielle au contraire à Amiens, cette structure résulte de l'attraction du centre ville mais aussi des possibilités d'implantation et de développement industriels. Outre le rang social, l'âge détermine la localisation et le type d'habitat choisi : logements provisoires vétustés pour les très jeunes, appartements neufs pour les jeunes ménages, pavillons en banlieue pour les familles. L'évolution de la structure sociale des villes est particulièrement lente en dépit de la mobilité des ménages de la rénovation des quartiers anciens et de la construction de grands ensembles. Entre 1968 et 1975, ces phénomènes ne semblent nullement aller à rencontre de cette ségrégation sociale. [eng] The Social Structure of Cities - In seven middle-sized towns jn the Champaigne and Picardy regions, including Amiens and Reims, population division reflects social hierarchy. Popular neighbourhoods are clearly distinguished from middle class ones; these latter are preferred for different reasons by middle echelons of executive personnel as well as the highest levels of executives. In general, the well-off categories live in the centre of the city, pushing the more modest income categories to the outside of the urban centre. However, social stratification maps obtained by grouping together like- income neighbourhoods have not necessarily produced a concentric structure. At Amiens, it is a sectoral pattern, rather than a concentric one. This structure results from the attraction of the inner city, but also from the possibilities of industrial implantation and development. Besides social rank, age is a determining factor in the choice of local and type of housing : provisional, run-down housing is generally that of the young, new apartments for newly weds and small houses in the suburbs for families. The evolution of the social structure in cities is particularly slow, in spite of the household mobility, renovation of neighbourhoods, and the large agglomeration constructions. Between 1968 and 1975, these factors do not seem to have been in opposition to this social segregation. [spa] E structura social de las ciudades - En siete ciudades de mediana dimension de Champaña y de Picardía, entre las que destacan Amiens y Reims, la distribution de la población hace patente la jerarquía social : se manifíesta claramente una distinción entre barrios plebeyos y barrios acomodados; los cuadros asalariados y los patronos los elijen indistintamente. Las categorías acomodadas, por lo general, residen en el centra de la población mientras que las categorías comuneras viven en las afueras de la ciudad. No obstante, los mapas sociales obtenidos mediante reagrupaciones de barrios parecidos no ponen forzosamente de manifiesto una estructura concéntrica. Sectoral, por lo contrario en Amiens, dicha estructura es la consecuencia del atractivo que ejerce el centra de la ciudad y también de las posibilidades de implantación y de desarrollo industrials. A más de la categorla social, la edad es déterminante para fijar la residencia y elegir el tipo de vivienda : viviendas provisionales y vetustas para la juventud, viviendas por estrenar para los hogares jovenes, casas partieulares en los arrabales para las familias. La evolución de la estructura social de las poblaciones se averigua especialmente pausada a pesar de la movilidad de los hogares, de las reformas llevadas a cabo en los barrios antiguos y de la edificación de grandes conjuntos de casas de vecindad. Al parecer, entre 1968 y 1975, estos fenómenos no contradicen esta segregación social.

Suggested Citation

  • Xavier Debonneuil & Michel Gollac, 1978. "Structure sociale des villes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 98(1), pages 51-65.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1978_num_98_1_3079
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1978.3079
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1978.3079
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michel Volle, 1974. "Une méthode pour lire et commenter automatiquement des grands tableaux statistiques," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 52(1), pages 46-50.
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    1. Alain Desrosières & Michel Gollac, 1982. "Trajectoires ouvrières, systèmes d'emplois et comportements sociaux," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 147(1), pages 43-66.
    2. Jean-Michel Floch, 2017. "Standards of living and segregation in twelve French metropolises," Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), issue 497-498, pages 73-96.
    3. Alain Desrosières & Alain Goy & Laurent Thévenot, 1983. "L'identité sociale dans le travail statistique : la nouvelle nomenclature des professions et catégories socioprofessionnelles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 152(1), pages 55-81.
    4. Alain Desrosières & Laurent Thévenot, 1979. "Les mots et les chiffres : les nomenclatures socio-professionnelles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 110(1), pages 49-65.

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