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Anticipations et conventions en situation d'incertitude

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  • André Orlean

Abstract

[fre] L'ambition de ce texte est de démontrer que la prise en compte de l'incertitude au sens de Keynes et de Knight, ne conduit pas à une indétermination radicale des relations économiques, mais à des formes spécifiques de comportement, repérables et formalisables. Il s'ensuit une vision dualiste des relations financières selon qu'on se trouve dans des situations de risques ou d'incertitude : aux premières correspond le traditionnel arbitrage marchand, aux secondes les conventions. Un tel résultat nécessite, dans un premier temps, un retour sur le concept d'incertitude de façon à en proposer une formalisation précise et opérationnelle. Dans un second temps, nous avons cherché dans «l'hypothèse mimétique» une spécification des comportements en situation d'incertitude. Une telle hypothèse permet de lever certaines des indéterminations traditionnellement liées à la notion d'incertitude. [eng] This article demonstrates that the concept of uncertainty, as understood by Keynes and Knight, need not entail a radical indeterminacy in economic phenomena. On the contrary, uncertainty can be correlated to specific forms of behaviour that can be formalised. It is possible to distinguish between financial relations involving risk, on the one hand, and uncertainty, on the other — where traditional bargaining corresponds to the former, and uncertainty, to the latter. In order to establish these points, we present a precise and operational formalisation of uncertainty. The hypothesis of a mimetic or imitative logic of interaction is used to specify behabioural patterns within situations of uncertainty. The result is a model enabling us to eliminate some of the vagueness traditionally linked to the notion of uncertainty.

Suggested Citation

  • André Orlean, 1987. "Anticipations et conventions en situation d'incertitude," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 153-172.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1987_num_13_1_1047
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1987.1047
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1987.1047
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    Cited by:

    1. Olivier Favereau, 1989. "Marchés internes, marchés externes," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(2), pages 273-328.
    2. Robert Salais, 1989. "L'analyse économique des conventions du travail," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(2), pages 199-240.
    3. Alessandro Morselli, 2020. "Inequalities between liberal doctrine and Keynesian-oriented conventional economics," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 3, pages 86-117,118-.

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