Parental divorce’s long shadow: Elevated stroke risk among older Americans

Although studies have investigated the association between adverse childhood experiences and chronic health outcomes including stroke, few studies have investigated the association between parental divorce and stroke among adults with no history of childhood abuse. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between parental divorce in childhood and stroke in older adulthood among those who did not experience child abuse and to examine whether this association differs between men and women. This study utilized population-based data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. An analytic sample of 13,205 adults aged 65 and above (56.6% female) who have never experienced childhood physical nor sexual abuse were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated was self-report of a physician-diagnosis of stroke, and the main exposure of interest was parental divorce. In this sample of older adults, 7.3% reported having stroke, while 13.9% reported that their parents had divorced before the respondent was 18 years old. Controlling for the effects of other factors, respondents who experienced parental divorce had 1.61 times higher odds of having a stroke when compared to their counterparts who did not experience parental divorce (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.15–2.24). The association between parental divorce and stroke was not dependent on sex; however, compared to females, males had 1.47 times higher odds of having a stroke (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11–1.93). The findings of this study suggest that individuals in this cohort whose parents divorced as children were at greater risk for stroke later in life. Potentially moderating variables were hypothesized, including childhood poverty, sleep hygiene, and hypertension.