Factors associated with community volunteering among adults over the age of 50 in Malaysia

Background: Community volunteering is defined as voluntary participation in activities and services to benefit the local community. It has potential benefits to promote social, physical, and mental well-being, and it enhances productive, healthy, and active aging. The tendency to volunteer varies across individuals and communities. There is limited knowledge of contributing factors influencing volunteering among Malaysian adults over the age of 50. Aims: The present study aims to assess the association of demographic, cultural, and social factors with volunteering among Malaysian adults over the age of 50. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 involving 3,034 Malaysians aged 50 years and above across Malaysia, selected using a multi-stratified random sampling technique based on National Census 2020 data. A validated survey questionnaire to determine the demographic factor (age, sex, education level, employment status, health status, physical disability, and location of residence), cultural factor (ethnicity and religion), and social factor (social support, marital status, living arrangement, mode of transportation) that influence voluntary participation was distributed and collected. The association between these factors and volunteer participation was analysed using logistic regression models to identify significant predictors of voluntary participation among Malaysian adults over the age of 50. Results: A regression model indicates that living in rural areas (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.63–2.53), having higher education level (Tertiary level: OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.86–4.13), being employed (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10–1.56), differences in ethnicity background (Chinese: OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39–0.86) and ease of transportation (Driving private transport: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.19–1.32; Public transport: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.154) were significantly associated with volunteering with R2 Nagelkerke of 0.147. Conclusion: Recognising various factors towards community volunteering should be addressed by policymakers and volunteer organisations to increase volunteer participation from potential adults over the age of 50 in promoting healthy and active ageing.