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Risk factors for gallstone disease onset in Japan: Findings from the Shizuoka Study, a population-based cohort study

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  • Kazuya Higashizono
  • Eiji Nakatani
  • Philip Hawke
  • Shuhei Fujimoto
  • Noriyuki Oba

Abstract

In the research literature on factors associated with gallstones, large population-based cohort studies are rare. We carried out a study of this type to explore risk factors for the onset of gallstones. This study included Japanese participants aged 40–107 years who were followed prospectively from January 2012 to September 2020 using a dataset composed of two individually linked databases, one containing annual health checkup records and the other containing medical claims for beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance System and the Medical Care System for Elderly in the Latter Stage of Life in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Among the 611,930 participants in the analysis set, 23,843 (3.9%) were diagnosed with gallstones during the observational period (median [max]: 5.68 [7.5] years). Multivariate analysis revealed that risk of gallstone disease was increased by male sex, cerebrovascular disease, any malignancy, dementia, rheumatic disease, chronic pulmonary disease, hypertension, and H. pylori-infected gastritis. These findings provide essential insights into the etiology of cholelithiasis and may contribute to efforts to reduce the incidence of the disease.

Suggested Citation

  • Kazuya Higashizono & Eiji Nakatani & Philip Hawke & Shuhei Fujimoto & Noriyuki Oba, 2022. "Risk factors for gallstone disease onset in Japan: Findings from the Shizuoka Study, a population-based cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(12), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0274659
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274659
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thijs, C. & Knipschild, P., 1993. "Oral contraceptives and the risk of gallbladder disease: A meta-analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 83(8), pages 1113-1120.
    2. Egil Ferkingstad & Asmundur Oddsson & Solveig Gretarsdottir & Stefania Benonisdottir & Gudmar Thorleifsson & Aimee M. Deaton & Stefan Jonsson & Olafur A. Stefansson & Gudmundur L. Norddahl & Florian Z, 2018. "Genome-wide association meta-analysis yields 20 loci associated with gallstone disease," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
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