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The role of frontal and parietal cortex in the performance of gifted and average adolescents in a mental rotation task

Author

Listed:
  • Renata Figueiredo Anomal
  • Daniel Soares Brandão
  • Silvia Beltrame Porto
  • Sóstenes Silva de Oliveira
  • Rafaela Faustino Lacerda de Souza
  • José de Santana Fiel
  • Bruno Duarte Gomes
  • Izabel Augusta Hazin Pires
  • Antonio Pereira Jr

Abstract

Visual-spatial abilities are usually neglected in academic settings, even though several studies have shown that their predictive power in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics domains exceeds that of math and verbal ability. This neglect means that many spatially talented youths are not identified and nurtured, at a great cost to society. In the present work, we aim to identify behavioral and electrophysiological markers associated with visual spatial-ability in intellectually gifted adolescents (N = 15) compared to age-matched controls (N = 15). The participants performed a classic three-dimensional mental rotation task developed by Shepard and Metzler (1971) [33] while event-related potentials were measured in both frontal and parietal regions of interest. While response time was similar in the two groups, gifted subjects performed the test with greater accuracy. There was no indication of interhemispheric asymmetry of ERPs over parietal regions in both groups, although interhemispheric differences were observed in the frontal lobes. Moreover, intelligence quotient and working memory measures predicted variance in ERP’s amplitude in the right parietal and frontal hemispheres. We conclude that while gifted adolescents do not display a different pattern of electroencephalographic activity over the parietal cortex while performing the mental rotation task, their performance is correlated with the amplitude of ERPs in the frontal cortex during the execution of this task.

Suggested Citation

  • Renata Figueiredo Anomal & Daniel Soares Brandão & Silvia Beltrame Porto & Sóstenes Silva de Oliveira & Rafaela Faustino Lacerda de Souza & José de Santana Fiel & Bruno Duarte Gomes & Izabel Augusta H, 2020. "The role of frontal and parietal cortex in the performance of gifted and average adolescents in a mental rotation task," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0232660
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232660
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cheng Quan & Chunyong Li & Jiguo Xue & Jingwei Yue & Chenggang Zhang, 2017. "Mirror-normal difference in the late phase of mental rotation: An ERP study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, September.
    2. Varriale, Vincenzo & van der Molen, Maurits W. & De Pascalis, Vilfredo, 2018. "Mental rotation and fluid intelligence: A brain potential analysis," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 146-157.
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    Cited by:

    1. E Darcy Burgund, 2021. "Task-domain and hemisphere-asymmetry effects in cisgender and transmale individuals," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Varriale, Vincenzo & De Pascalis, Vilfredo & van der Molen, Maurits W., 2021. "Post-error slowing is associated with intelligence," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).

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