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Smoking and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis

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  • Jalal Poorolajal
  • Nahid Darvishi

Abstract

Background: Many studies have reported a positive association between smoking and suicide, but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the association between smoking and suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide death. Methods: Major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched until May 2015. The reference lists of included studies were screened too. Epidemiological studies addressing the association between smoking and suicidal behaviors were enrolled. The heterogeneity across studies was explored by Q-test and I2 statistic. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests and Trim & Fill analysis. The results were reported based on risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 8062 references and included 63 studies with 8,063,634 participants. Compared to nonsmokers, the current smokers were at higher risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53, 2.58; 8 studies; I2 = 80.8%; P

Suggested Citation

  • Jalal Poorolajal & Nahid Darvishi, 2016. "Smoking and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0156348
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156348
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nahid Darvishi & Mehran Farhadi & Tahereh Haghtalab & Jalal Poorolajal, 2015. "Alcohol-Related Risk of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Completed Suicide: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-14, May.
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    1. Hoehun Ha & Wei Tu, 2018. "An Ecological Study on the Spatially Varying Relationship between County-Level Suicide Rates and Altitude in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Alicia Edith Hermosillo-de-la-Torre & Stephania Montserrat Arteaga-de-Luna & Denise Liliana Acevedo-Rojas & Angélica Juárez-Loya & José Alberto Jiménez-Tapia & Francisco Javier Pedroza-Cabrera & Catal, 2021. "Psychosocial Correlates of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents under Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Iván Echeverria & Miriam Cotaina & Antonio Jovani & Rafael Mora & Gonzalo Haro & Ana Benito, 2021. "Proposal for the Inclusion of Tobacco Use in Suicide Risk Scales: Results of a Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    4. María Teresa Carrasco-Barrios & Paloma Huertas & Paloma Martín & Carlos Martín & Mª Carmen Castillejos & Eleni Petkari & Berta Moreno-Küstner, 2020. "Determinants of Suicidality in the European General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, June.
    5. Jinhee Lee & Tae Hui Kim & Seongho Min & Min-Hyuk Kim & Ki Chang Park & Jin Sil Moon & Joung-Sook Ahn, 2018. "Depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours in adolescent non-daily smokers compared to daily smokers and never-smokers in Korea: National cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, November.

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