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Relationship between Smoking and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of 499,504 Middle-Aged Adults in the UK General Population

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  • Shadrach Dare
  • Daniel F Mackay
  • Jill P Pell

Abstract

Background: There is a general perception that smoking protects against weight gain and this may influence commencement and continuation of smoking, especially among young women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using baseline data from UK Biobank. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between smoking and obesity; defined as body mass index (BMI) >30kg/m2. Smoking was examined in terms of smoking status, amount smoked, duration of smoking and time since quitting and we adjusted for the potential confounding effects of age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, physical activity, alcohol consumption, hypertension and diabetes. Results: The study comprised 499,504 adults aged 31 to 69 years. Overall, current smokers were less likely to be obese than never smokers (adjusted OR 0.83 95% CI 0.81-0.86). However, there was no significant association in the youngest sub-group (≤40 years). Former smokers were more likely to be obese than both current smokers (adjusted OR 1.33 95% CI 1.30-1.37) and never smokers (adjusted OR 1.14 95% CI 1.12-1.15). Among smokers, the risk of obesity increased with the amount smoked and former heavy smokers were more likely to be obese than former light smokers (adjusted OR 1.60, 95% 1.56-1.64, p

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  • Shadrach Dare & Daniel F Mackay & Jill P Pell, 2015. "Relationship between Smoking and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of 499,504 Middle-Aged Adults in the UK General Population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0123579
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123579
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    Cited by:

    1. Clark, Stephen & Birkin, Mark & Lomax, Nik & Morris, Michelle, 2020. "Developing a whole systems obesity classification for the UK Biobank Cohort," OSF Preprints 7nqgd, Center for Open Science.
    2. Nizalova, Olena & Norton, Edward C., 2021. "Long-term effects of job loss on male health: BMI and health behaviors," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    3. Junchao Zhang, 2022. "Does Smoking Keep You Slim? Evidence from Japan's Smoking Ban in the Workplace," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 36(3), pages 318-336, September.
    4. Debabrata Talukdar & Satheesh Seenivasan & Adrian J Cameron & Gary Sacks, 2020. "The association between national income and adult obesity prevalence: Empirical insights into temporal patterns and moderators of the association using 40 years of data across 147 countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Christoph F. Kurz & Michael Laxy, 2020. "Application of Mendelian Randomization to Investigate the Association of Body Mass Index with Health Care Costs," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 40(2), pages 156-169, February.

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