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Phytochemical Profile and Nutraceutical Value of Old and Modern Common Wheat Cultivars

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  • Emanuela Leoncini
  • Cecilia Prata
  • Marco Malaguti
  • Ilaria Marotti
  • Antonio Segura-Carretero
  • Pietro Catizone
  • Giovanni Dinelli
  • Silvana Hrelia

Abstract

Among health-promoting phytochemicals in whole grains, phenolic compounds have gained attention as they have strong antioxidant properties and can protect against many degenerative diseases. Aim of this study was to profile grain phenolic extracts of one modern and five old common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and to evaluate their potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effect in different cell culture systems. Wheat extracts were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity and phenolic composition (HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS profile, polyphenol and flavonoid contents). Results showed that antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) is mostly influenced by flavonoid (both bound and free) content and by the ratio flavonoids/polyphenols. Using a leukemic cell line, HL60, and primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effects of different wheat genotypes were evaluated in terms of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and cell viability. All tested wheat phenolic extracts exerted dose-dependent cytoprotective and antiproliferative effects on cardiomyocytes and HL60 cells, respectively. Due to the peculiar phenolic pattern of each wheat variety, a significant genotype effect was highlighted. On the whole, the most relevant scavenging effect was found for the old variety Verna. No significant differences in terms of anti-proliferative activities among wheat genotypes was observed. Results reported in this study evidenced a correspondence between the in vitro antioxidant activity and potential healthy properties of different extracts. This suggests that an increased intake of wheat grain derived products could represent an effective strategy to achieve both chemoprevention and protection against oxidative stress related diseases.

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  • Emanuela Leoncini & Cecilia Prata & Marco Malaguti & Ilaria Marotti & Antonio Segura-Carretero & Pietro Catizone & Giovanni Dinelli & Silvana Hrelia, 2012. "Phytochemical Profile and Nutraceutical Value of Old and Modern Common Wheat Cultivars," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(9), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0045997
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045997
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jeroen S L de Munter & Frank B Hu & Donna Spiegelman & Mary Franz & Rob M van Dam, 2007. "Whole Grain, Bran, and Germ Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(8), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Bilodeau, Martin & Duchesne, Pierre, 2002. "Principal Component Analysis from the Multivariate Familial Correlation Matrix," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(2), pages 457-470, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elżbieta Suchowilska & Teresa Bieńkowska & Kinga Stuper-Szablewska & Marian Wiwart, 2020. "Concentrations of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and Carotenoids and the Antioxidant Activity of the Grain, Flour and Bran of Triticum polonicum as Compared with Three Cultivated Wheat Species," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Giovanna Sacchi & Leonardo Cei & Gianluca Stefani & Ginevra Virginia Lombardi & Benedetto Rocchi & Giovanni Belletti & Susanne Padel & Anna Sellars & Edneia Gagliardi & Giuseppe Nocella & Sarah Cardey, 2018. "A Multi-Actor Literature Review on Alternative and Sustainable Food Systems for the Promotion of Cereal Biodiversity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-29, November.

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