IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0005790.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Mortality of Patients Lost to Follow-Up in Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes in Resource-Limited Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Martin W G Brinkhof
  • Mar Pujades-Rodriguez
  • Matthias Egger

Abstract

Background: The retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes is an important issue in resource-limited settings. Loss to follow up can be substantial, but it is unclear what the outcomes are in patients who are lost to programmes. Methods and Findings: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Indian Medlars Centre (IndMed) and African Index Medicus (AIM) databases and the abstracts of three conferences for studies that traced patients lost to follow up to ascertain their vital status. Main outcomes were the proportion of patients traced, the proportion found to be alive and the proportion that had died. Where available, we also examined the reasons why some patients could not be traced, why patients found to be alive did not return to the clinic, and the causes of death. We combined mortality data from several studies using random-effects meta-analysis. Seventeen studies were eligible. All were from sub-Saharan Africa, except one study from India, and none were conducted in children. A total of 6420 patients (range 44 to 1343 patients) were included. Patients were traced using telephone calls, home visits and through social networks. Overall the vital status of 4021 patients could be ascertained (63%, range across studies: 45% to 86%); 1602 patients had died. The combined mortality was 40% (95% confidence interval 33%–48%), with substantial heterogeneity between studies (P

Suggested Citation

  • Martin W G Brinkhof & Mar Pujades-Rodriguez & Matthias Egger, 2009. "Mortality of Patients Lost to Follow-Up in Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes in Resource-Limited Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(6), pages 1-9, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0005790
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005790
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005790
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005790&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0005790?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ming-Wen An & Constantine E. Frangakis & Beverly S. Musick & Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, 2009. "The Need for Double-Sampling Designs in Survival Studies: An Application to Monitor PEPFAR," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 65(1), pages 301-306, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. April D. Kimmel & Daniel W. Fitzgerald & Jean W. Pape & Bruce R. Schackman, 2015. "Performance of a Mathematical Model to Forecast Lives Saved from HIV Treatment Expansion in Resource-Limited Settings," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 35(2), pages 230-242, February.
    2. Ingrid V Bassett & Darshini Govindasamy & Alison S Erlwanger & Emily P Hyle & Katharina Kranzer & Nienke van Schaik & Farzad Noubary & A David Paltiel & Robin Wood & Rochelle P Walensky & Elena Losina, 2014. "Mobile HIV Screening in Cape Town, South Africa: Clinical Impact, Cost and Cost-Effectiveness," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Thomas N Nissen & Michala V Rose & Godfather Kimaro & Ib C Bygbjerg & Sayoki G Mfinanga & Pernille Ravn, 2012. "Challenges of Loss to Follow-up in Tuberculosis Research," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(7), pages 1-8, July.
    4. Elizabeth R Stevens & Lingfeng Li & Kimberly A Nucifora & Qinlian Zhou & Margaret L McNairy & Averie Gachuhi & Matthew R Lamb & Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha & Ruben Sahabo & Velephi Okello & Wafaa M E, 2018. "Cost-effectiveness of a combination strategy to enhance the HIV care continuum in Swaziland: Link4Health," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Christian Unge & Björn Södergård & Gaetano Marrone & Anna Thorson & Abigael Lukhwaro & Jane Carter & Festus Ilako & Anna Mia Ekström, 2010. "Long-Term Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment and Program Drop-Out in a High-Risk Urban Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective Cohort Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(10), pages 1-12, October.
    6. Hannock Tweya & Caryl Feldacker & Janne Estill & Andreas Jahn & Wingston Ng’ambi & Anne Ben-Smith & Olivia Keiser & Mphatso Bokosi & Matthias Egger & Colin Speight & Joe Gumulira & Sam Phiri, 2013. "Are They Really Lost? “True” Status and Reasons for Treatment Discontinuation among HIV Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy Considered Lost to Follow Up in Urban Malawi," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-1, September.
    7. Julie Henriques & Mar Pujades-Rodriguez & Megan McGuire & Elisabeth Szumilin & Jean Iwaz & Jean-François Etard & René Ecochard, 2012. "Comparison of Methods to Correct Survival Estimates and Survival Regression Analysis on a Large HIV African Cohort," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(2), pages 1-7, February.
    8. Heidi M Soeters & Charles Poole & Monita R Patel & Annelies Van Rie, 2013. "The Effect of Tuberculosis Treatment at Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on Subsequent Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-1, October.
    9. Martin W G Brinkhof & Ben D Spycher & Constantin Yiannoutsos & Ralf Weigel & Robin Wood & Eugène Messou & Andrew Boulle & Matthias Egger & Jonathan A C Sterne & for the International epidemiological D, 2010. "Adjusting Mortality for Loss to Follow-Up: Analysis of Five ART Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(11), pages 1-6, November.
    10. Janne Estill & Matthias Egger & Leigh F Johnson & Thomas Gsponer & Gilles Wandeler & Mary-Ann Davies & Andrew Boulle & Robin Wood & Daniela Garone & Jeffrey S A Stringer & Timothy B Hallett & Olivia K, 2013. "Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy and Mortality in HIV Programmes in Malawi, South Africa and Zambia: Mathematical Modelling Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(2), pages 1-8, February.
    11. Kara G Marson & Kenneth Tapia & Pamela Kohler & Christine J McGrath & Grace C John-Stewart & Barbra A Richardson & Julia W Njoroge & James N Kiarie & Samah R Sakr & Michael H Chung, 2013. "Male, Mobile, and Moneyed: Loss to Follow-Up vs. Transfer of Care in an Urban African Antiretroviral Treatment Clinic," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-1, October.
    12. Faith Martin & Steve Russell & Janet Seeley, 2014. "Higher Quality of Life and Lower Depression for People on ART in Uganda as Compared to a Community Control Group," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(8), pages 1-8, August.
    13. Anthony Harries & Simon Makombe & Erik Schouten & Andreas Jahn & Edwin Libamba & Kelita Kamoto & Frank Chimbwandira, 2012. "How operational research influenced the scale up of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi," Health Care Management Science, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 197-205, September.
    14. Matthew R Lamb & Wafaa M El-Sadr & Elvin Geng & Denis Nash, 2012. "Association of Adherence Support and Outreach Services with Total Attrition, Loss to Follow-Up, and Death among ART Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(6), pages 1-12, June.
    15. James H McMahon & Julian H Elliott & Steven Y Hong & Silvia Bertagnolio & Michael R Jordan, 2013. "Effects of Physical Tracing on Estimates of Loss to Follow-Up, Mortality and Retention in Low and Middle Income Country Antiretroviral Therapy Programs: A Systematic Review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(2), pages 1-12, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Julie Henriques & Mar Pujades-Rodriguez & Megan McGuire & Elisabeth Szumilin & Jean Iwaz & Jean-François Etard & René Ecochard, 2012. "Comparison of Methods to Correct Survival Estimates and Survival Regression Analysis on a Large HIV African Cohort," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(2), pages 1-7, February.
    2. Tianchen Qian & Constantine Frangakis & Constantin Yiannoutsos, 2020. "Deductive Semiparametric Estimation in Double-Sampling Designs with Application to PEPFAR," Statistics in Biosciences, Springer;International Chinese Statistical Association, vol. 12(3), pages 417-445, December.
    3. Peter W Young & Andrea A Kim & Joyce Wamicwe & Lilly Nyagah & Catherine Kiama & John Stover & Johansen Oduor & Emily A Rogena & Edwin Walong & Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez & Andrew Imbwaga & Martin Siren, 2017. "HIV-associated mortality in the era of antiretroviral therapy scale-up – Nairobi, Kenya, 2015," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-10, August.
    4. Matthew R Lamb & Wafaa M El-Sadr & Elvin Geng & Denis Nash, 2012. "Association of Adherence Support and Outreach Services with Total Attrition, Loss to Follow-Up, and Death among ART Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(6), pages 1-12, June.
    5. Agnes N Kiragga & Barbara Castelnuovo & Rachel Musomba & Jonathan Levin & Andrew Kambugu & Yukari C Manabe & Constantin T Yiannoutsos & Noah Kiwanuka, 2013. "Comparison of Methods for Correction of Mortality Estimates for Loss to Follow-Up after ART Initiation: A Case of the Infectious Diseases Institute, Uganda," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-7, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0005790. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.